(a) Interpretation: The response of the control group to crowding is to be stated. Concept introduction: Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction . In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 35P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The response of the control group to crowding is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The result if the insects are treated first with PKA inhibitor and then with PKG inhibitor is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The purpose of the experiment with PKG inhibitor is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The suggestion mentioned by the results about the role of PKA in the transition from a solitary to gregarious lifestyle is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The suggestion mentioned by the results about the role of PKA in the insects that are always gregarious is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes, being the catalysts, increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

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Assighment. Create a diagram which illustrates the typical signalling mechanism of action of each of the four common classes of receptor (e.g. kinase-linked receptors etc.) and possible routes of communication (autocrine etc.). Your diagram should show the specific molecules involved, the mechanisms of signal transduction and indicate the different pathways that are activated. It should include a specific example of a receptor, ligand and signalling pathway for each general class. Include as wide a variety of ligands and modes of action as you can. For each of the examples describe the mechanism of action in the form below. DO NOT use any of the ligand-receptor combinations provide to you in the Learning Materials to date - research and create a diagram for a novel pathway instead!

Inducers and Inhibitors of AEP. Short peptides such as legumain stabilization and activity modulation (LSAM) domain and αvβ3 integrin could enhance the activity of AEP. LSAM domain known as the prodomain of AEP blocks substrate binding before activation. This prodomain has a helical structure and two independent peptides. One is an activation peptide (AP, K287 to N323), and the other is a LSAM domain. LSAM domain remains even after AP is cleaved and released from protease at neutral pH via electrostatic interaction. AEP without LSAM domain has a lower melting temperature than AEP with LSAM domain [77, 117]. Another short peptide, αvβ3 integrin, can directly interact with AEP, and after forming a complex, the optimal pH for AEP activity is increased from 5.5 to 6.0. It indicates that αvβ3 binding could induce conformational stabilization of AEP accompanied by deprotonated C189. αvβ3 does not directly interact with the AEP active site; however, AEP docks to the αvβ3 RGD-binding site…

True or False. The binding affinity between a peptide agonist and its specific G protein coupled receptor involves certain types of chemical bonds. Explain your answer in detail.. ( please do not copy off of another source.. e.g chegg)

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 35P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The response of the control group to crowding is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The result if the insects are treated first with PKA inhibitor and then with PKG inhibitor is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The purpose of the experiment with PKG inhibitor is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The suggestion mentioned by the results about the role of PKA in the transition from a solitary to gregarious lifestyle is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The suggestion mentioned by the results about the role of PKA in the insects that are always gregarious is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes, being the catalysts, increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 35P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The response of the control group to crowding is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The result if the insects are treated first with PKA inhibitor and then with PKG inhibitor is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The purpose of the experiment with PKG inhibitor is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The suggestion mentioned by the results about the role of PKA in the transition from a solitary to gregarious lifestyle is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The suggestion mentioned by the results about the role of PKA in the insects that are always gregarious is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes, being the catalysts, increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 35P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The response of the control group to crowding is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The result if the insects are treated first with PKA inhibitor and then with PKG inhibitor is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The purpose of the experiment with PKG inhibitor is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The suggestion mentioned by the results about the role of PKA in the transition from a solitary to gregarious lifestyle is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The suggestion mentioned by the results about the role of PKA in the insects that are always gregarious is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes, being the catalysts, increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

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Answer 5

Chapter 10, Problem 35P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The response of the control group to crowding is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The result if the insects are treated first with PKA inhibitor and then with PKG inhibitor is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The purpose of the experiment with PKG inhibitor is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The suggestion mentioned by the results about the role of PKA in the transition from a solitary to gregarious lifestyle is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The suggestion mentioned by the results about the role of PKA in the insects that are always gregarious is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes, being the catalysts, increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Answer 6

Chapter 10, Problem 35P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The response of the control group to crowding is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Answer 7

Chapter 10, Problem 35P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The response of the control group to crowding is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The result if the insects are treated first with PKA inhibitor and then with PKG inhibitor is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The result if the insects are treated first with PKA inhibitor and then with PKG inhibitor is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The purpose of the experiment with PKG inhibitor is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The purpose of the experiment with PKG inhibitor is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The suggestion mentioned by the results about the role of PKA in the transition from a solitary to gregarious lifestyle is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The suggestion mentioned by the results about the role of PKA in the transition from a solitary to gregarious lifestyle is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes being the catalysts increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The suggestion mentioned by the results about the role of PKA in the insects that are always gregarious is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes, being the catalysts, increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The suggestion mentioned by the results about the role of PKA in the insects that are always gregarious is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Enzymes, being the catalysts, increase the rate of reaction. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the rate of reaction for the product formation depends on the concentration of enzyme as well as the substrate involved in the reaction via formation of an enzyme substrate complex.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 18

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Answer 19

Ch. 10 - Prob. 1P Ch. 10 - Prob. 2P Ch. 10 - Prob. 3P Ch. 10 - Prob. 4P Ch. 10 - Prob. 5P Ch. 10 - Prob. 6P Ch. 10 - Prob. 7P Ch. 10 - Prob. 8P Ch. 10 - Prob. 9P Ch. 10 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that enzymes increase the rate of reaction in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, and that protein kinase A is significant in the establishment of behaviors in most organisms.

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Chapter 10 Solutions