Concept explainers
Though not strictly equivalent, there is a similar uncertainty relationship between the observables time and energy:
In emission spectroscopy, the width of the lines (which gives a measure of
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Physical Chemistry
- In high-temperature sources, sodium atoms emit a doublet with an average wavelength of 1139 nm. The transition responsible is from the 4s to 3p state. Set up a spreadsheet to calculate the ratio of the numberof excited atoms in the 4s state to the number in the ground 3s state over the temperature range from anacetylene-oxygen flame (3000°C) to the hottest part of an inductively coupled plasma source (8750°C).arrow_forwardHow many photons are produced in a laser pulse of 0.114 J0.114 J at 663 nm?arrow_forwardUsing the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, calculate the frequency spread Av for a nanosec- ond (10-9 s) pulse from a CO2 laser, in which the nominal photon energy is hv = 0.112 eV.arrow_forward
- In an X-ray photoelectron experiment. a photon of wavelength 100 pm ejects an electron from the inner shell of an atom and it emerges with a speed of 2.34 x 104 km s-1. Calculate the binding energy of the electron.arrow_forwardA proton jumps between two sites with δ = 2.7 and δ = 4.8. At what rate of interconversion will the two signals collapse to a single line in a spectrometer operating at 550 MHz?arrow_forwardDescribe how the attenuation of X-rays correlate with i) their photon energy, ii) the chemical make-up of the transmission material, and iii) the distance they have travelled through the material.arrow_forward
- (c) The kinetic energy, KE, of electrons emitted from a metal surface after irradiation with UV light of wavelength A is given by: hc Kε = 7-9 where h is Planck's constant (6.626 x 10-4 Js), c is the speed of light in a vacuum (2.99 x 108 m s¹), and is the work function of the metal surface. In a specific experiment, light with a wavelength of 266 nm was used to irradiate a cadmium (Cd) metal surface. Calculate the photon energy of the light used in the experiment, in Joules. (1) ₂4arrow_forwardWhat is the threshold frequency ν0 of cesium?arrow_forwardIn a photochemical experiment it is observed that 5.78×10-5 mol of uranyl oxalate is decomposed at a wavelength of 300 nm emitted by a lamp in one hour. When acetone was irradiated with the same lamp for 10 hours, the amount of acetone decomposed was found to be 2.32× 10-4 mol. What is quantumyield for the acetone decomposition under the same condition?arrow_forward
- Exposure to a sufficient quantity of ultraviolet will redden the skin, producing erythema −−a sunburn. The amount of exposure necessary to produce this reddening depends on the wavelength. For a 1.0 cm2cm2 patch of skin, 3.7 mJmJ of ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 254 nmnm will produce reddening; at 300 nmnm wavelength, 13 mJmJ are required. How many total photons with the wavelength of 254 nmnm produce this reddening of the 1.0 cm2cm2 of the skin? How many total photons with the wavelength of 300 nmnm produce this reddening of the 1.0 cm2cm2 of the skin?arrow_forward15. The far-infrared spectrum of HI consists of a series of equally spaced lines with Δν(bar) = 12.8 ^-1 cm. What are (a) the moment of inertia and (b) the internuclear distance?arrow_forward
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