Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781118743164
Author: Jacquelyn G. Black, Laura J. Black
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 1, Problem 3CTQ
As often happens in science, one observation or experiment that is used to look at one aspect or subdiscipline of science can lead to profound explanations or solutions in another aspect or discipline of science. Serendipity and experimental mistakes also play a role. Explain how this might apply to Angelina Hesse and the success of Robert Koch’s pure cultures. Louis Pasteur’s assistant and the success of the immunizations of chickens against chicken cholera, plus Alexander Fleming and Penicillium.
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Robert Koch developed a set of criteria (postulates) for conclusively demonstrating the aetiology (specific cause) of an infectious disease. Which of the following is not a postulate?
The infectious agent must be isolated and cultured in vitro
The disease is reproduced when a pure culture of the infectious agent is inoculated into a new susceptible host
The infectious agent can be recovered from the experimentally-infected host
The infectious agent is present in most cases of the disease
Choose the false statement: (Regarding Pasteur’s famous experiment) The swan necked flasks were important because they allowed the broth to remain sterile, while still remaining open to the atmosphere. Pasteur’s work with the swan neck flasks was only of importance to the food industry; his work occurred long before anyone, including Pasteur, had any awareness that diseases could be caused by microscopic agents. The swan necked flasks were used to prove that life could only arise from pre-existing cells.
Discuss how the findings of Louis Pasteur may have inspired Joseph Lister’s development of aseptic techniques in surgical settings.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
Ch. 1 - List three reasons to study microbiology.Ch. 1 - What is the difference between microbiology and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.3SCCh. 1 - List five bacterial diseases and five viral...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2.1SCCh. 1 - State the germ theory of disease. Try to think of...Ch. 1 - How did Pasteurs experiment with swan-necked...Ch. 1 - Why was the French microbiologists method of broth...Ch. 1 - What were the scientific contributions of Jenner,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 3.2SC
Ch. 1 - What is the Human Genome Project? How has...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1CCSCh. 1 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 1 - Can you think of some reasons why it might be hard...Ch. 1 - As often happens in science, one observation or...Ch. 1 - It is likely that others beside Anton van...Ch. 1 - The completion of chromosomal mapping and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6CTQCh. 1 - Prob. 1SQCh. 1 - Conclusive evidence of thriving microbial life has...Ch. 1 - Which of the following is not true? (a) A single...Ch. 1 - Which is false regarding Archaea? (a) They lack a...Ch. 1 - Why are microbes important to study and how are...Ch. 1 - Prob. 6SQCh. 1 - Prob. 7SQCh. 1 - Animals such as worms and ticks are too large to...Ch. 1 - Prob. 9SQCh. 1 - Prob. 10SQCh. 1 - What triggered the development and establishment...Ch. 1 - Prob. 12SQCh. 1 - Prob. 13SQCh. 1 - The biggest obstacle in the acceptance and...Ch. 1 - Match the following terms to the appropriate...Ch. 1 - Prob. 16SQCh. 1 - Prob. 17SQCh. 1 - Prob. 18SQCh. 1 - Describe the contributions of the following...Ch. 1 - Prob. 20SQCh. 1 - Prob. 21SQCh. 1 - Prob. 22SQ
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- Which of the following is not a condition of Koch’s postulates?a. isolate the causative agent of a diseaseb. cultivate the microbe in a labc. inoculate a test animal to observe the diseased. test the effects of a pathogen on humansarrow_forwardIn terms of microbial pathogenicity, molecular Koch's postulates are a set of experimental criteria that show: A microbe is the aetiological agent of a disease A gene encodes a product that contributes to disease A gene encodes a product that contributes to immunity to a disease A mutation does not contribute to diseasearrow_forwardName two or more situations where Koch’s postulates are impossible to complete? In other words, what factors about a microbe or factors about a disease make it impossible for Koch's postulate to be performed with that microbe or disease?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is false/mismatched? a. Pasteur: disproves spontaneous generation of microbes b. Jenner: developed smallpox vaccine using cowpox virus c. Koch: develops 4 pre-requisites/postulates to prove a specific microbe causes a specific disease d.Ehrlich: discovers penicillin e.Fleming: discovers first antibiotic, made by the fungus Penicillium f. Lister: develop surgical antiseptic techniques ; uses carbolic acid to prevent infections in surgical patients g. Ehrlich: describes the concept of "magic bullets" h. Semmelweiss: develops fırst rabies vaccine O c, d, e, f, g O d,h O a, b, c, d, e, f, O e, f, garrow_forwardYou discover a microbe that you believe is the causative agent of a new disease. Using Koch's postulates as a guide, describe the experiments that you would perform to confirm that the microbe causes the disease.arrow_forwardCreate a timeline of historical figures and their contributions that have informed our modern understanding and practice of microbiology from the 1600s to today. The timeline must include the dates and contributions of the following people: Linnaeus, Antony van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Hooke, Louis Pasteur, Francesco Redi, Robert Koch, Charles, Darwin, Joseph Lister, Carl Woese, and Kary Mullis.arrow_forward
- Koch's postulates is useful in describing diseases. True or falsearrow_forwardDescribe the three major domains of life: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. Explain what the three domains have in common and how they differ. Define viruses, and explain how they relate to living cells. Explain how microbial diseases have changed human history. Explain the tenets of Cell Theory Describe how microscopy led to the Germ Theory of infectious disease Define the germ theory of disease. Explain how Koch's postulates can show that a specific kind of microbe causes a disease. Explain the problems in interpreting Koch's postulates in practice.arrow_forwardList down the contributions of the following: Alexander Yersin Robert Koch Louis Pasteur Leeuwenhoek Edward Jennerarrow_forward
- List the main features of Koch's postulates and then explain how it's difficult to prove them for certain diseases?arrow_forwardProvide evidence in supporting or refuting the following statement: The cell, or cytoplasmic membrane, is a nonessential structure in bacteria because its function is replaced by the cell wall in these microbes. provide at least 400 of wordsarrow_forwardYou will have the opportunity to explore the effectiveness of six different antibacterial substances against a certain species of bacteria. You will follow scientific procedures by questioning, forming a hypothesis, setting up and conducting an experiment, analyzing results, and forming a conclusion. You will determine the comparative effectiveness of six antibiotics. What is the dependent variable? What is the independent variable?arrow_forward
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