Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Chapter 1, Problem 23QAP
To determine
The activity different from activity in figure 1.2 but takes the same amount of time.
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mathematician Archimedes, responding to a claim that the number of grains of sand was infinite,
calculated that the number of grains of sand needed to fill the universe was on the order of 1063. Our
understanding of the size of the universe has changed since then, and we now know that the
observable universe alone is a sphere with a radius of 1026 m. Estimating the size of a grain of sand,
A) Approximately how many grains of sand would fill the observable universe?
B) How many times larger or smaller is this number than Archimedes' result?
A light-year is the distance that light can travel in one year. Similarly, we can define a light-second, light-day, etc. as the distance that light can travel in other time intervals. Calculate the distance represented by each of the following: (Assume that the speed of light is 3 x 10^8m/s)
5 light-minutes
6 light-days
6 light-days, but this time answer in miles (enter just the number with no units)
A light year (LY) is the distance that light travels in one year.
1 LY = 9.46x1015 m.
Suppose we have detected a planet that orbits a star that is 104 light
years away. How many millions of years would it take us to get there if
we used a modern rocket with a maximum speed of 20.0 km/s (about
45,000 mph)? Assume 3 sig figs.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 1.1CYUCh. 1.2 - Prob. 1.2CYUCh. 1.3 - Prob. 1.3CYUCh. 1 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 4QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 7QAP
Ch. 1 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 25QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 31QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 42QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 1 - Prob. 45QAP
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- Measure the length of the meter stick using your ruler. How many ‘rulers’ is equal to the length of the meter stick?arrow_forwardAssume the observable Universe is charge neutral, and that it contains n nuclei (hydrogen plus helium nuclei, ignoring other elements). Take the helium mass fraction as 1/4. How many electrons are there in the observable Universe? Enter your answer in scientific notation with one decimal place. Value: n = 4*1080arrow_forwardPart I. We will leam in this class that the distance from the Earth to the Sun is approximately 1AU = 150,000,000 kilometers. a. Convert this number to meters (1 kilometer = 10° meters) and express it using scientific notation: 150000000000 meters How else might you express this number? (Millions, billions, etc. ?) b. A car on the highway drives at 55 mph = 25 meters per second. How long would it take to drive to the Sun? (Assuming you have a car that works in outer space.) Use the equation distance = velocity x time, or time = distance / velocity. Time = distance/velocity = , seconds (don't forget to use scientific notation.) How many days?. _days How many years?. years Does the answer surprise you?arrow_forward
- (the complete question is in the picture) If the Newtonian constant has units G = [N · m2/kg2], the speed of light has units c = [m/s], the mass has units M = [kg] and the SI unit newtons is equivalentto N = [kg · m/s2], what are the units of the relation GM/c3?A. [kg · s]B. [kg · m2/s]C. [m2/s]D. [s]arrow_forwardUsing a single dimensional equation, estimate the number of steps it would take a person with a step length of 2.65 ft to walk from the Earth to Alpha Centauri a distance of 4.37 light-years. The speed of light is 1.86282 x 105 miles/s. Number of Steps = Enter your answer in accordance to the question statement x 1017arrow_forwardAssume the observable Universe is charge neutral, and that it contains n nuclei (hydrogen plus helium nuclei, ignoring other elements). Take the helium mass fraction as 1/4. How many electrons are there in the observable Universe? Enter your answer in scientific notation with one decimal place. Values: n = 1*10^80arrow_forward
- Recent findings in astrophysics suggest that the observable universe can be modeled as a sphere of radius R=13.7x109 light-years=13.0 x 1025m with an average total mass density of about 1x10-26 kg/m3 Only about 4% of total mass is due to “ordinary” matter (such as protons, neutrons, and electrons). Estimate how much ordinary matter (in kg) there is in the observable universe. (For the light-year, see Problem 19.)arrow_forwardThe Universe is approximately 13.8 Billion years old. What is the volume of the visible universe in m3?arrow_forwardAssume the observable Universe is charge neutral, and that it contains n nuclei (hydrogen plus helium nuclei, ignoring other elements). Take the helium mass fraction as 1/4. How many electrons are there in the observable Universe? Enter your answer in scientific notation with one decimal place.arrow_forward
- Using the data in the table below and the appropriate conversion factors, find the mean distance to the moon, in feet. Approximate Values of Some Measured Lengths Length (m) Distance from Earth to most remote known quasar 1 ✕ 1026 Distance from Earth to most remote known galaxies 4 ✕ 1025 Distance from Earth to nearest large galaxy (M31 in Andromeda) 2 ✕ 1022 Distance from Earth to nearest star (Proxima Centauri) 4 ✕ 1016 One lightyear 9 ✕ 1015 Mean orbit radius of the Earth about the Sun 2 ✕ 1011 Mean distance from the Earth to the Moon 4 ✕ 108 Mean radius of the Earth 6 ✕ 106 Typical altitude of a satellite orbiting Earth 2 ✕ 105 Length of a football field 9 ✕ 101 Length of a housefly 5 ✕ 10-3 Size of the smallest dust particles 1 ✕ 10-4 Size of the cells of most living organisms 1 ✕ 10-5 Diameter of a hydrogen atom 1 ✕ 10-10 Diameter of an atomic nucleus 1 ✕ 10-14 Diameter of a proton 1 ✕ 10-15arrow_forwardA light-year is the distance that light can travel in one year. Similarly, we can define a light-second, light-day, etc. as the distance that light can travel in other time intervals. Calculate the distance represented by each of the following: (Assume that the speed of light is 3 × 108 m/s). 1. 4 light-seconds 2. 3 light-minutes 3. 2 light-days 4. 2 light-days, but this time answer in miles (enter just the number with no units)arrow_forwardLight is the fastest thing in the universe, moving at 299,792,458m/s. For the fun of it, let’s assume an object was thrown at the speed of light straight up. Let’s also assume that only Earth’s gravity could slow it down, and acted with the same downward acceleration no matter how far away the object was. a.)How long would it take for the object to come to a stop? (please answer in days) B.)How far would the object have travelled in this time?arrow_forward
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