You inject bicoid MRNA into the posterior end of a fertilized fruit fly egg just prior to the first cleavage. How will the experiment affect Hox gene expression in this fly? How will it affect the fly embryo's anatomy? Explain your answer, demonstrating your understanding of the role bicoid and Hox genes play in development.

Developmental abnormalities can result from: 1. Under expression of some genes 2. All of these choices are correct 3. Inappropriate interaction among gene products that were expressed in the wrong amounts and wrong time 4. Over expression of some genes 5. corrupted timing of the normal time genes are expressed

Scientists have cloned some animals by injecting a nucleus from an early embryo into an enucleated egg cell. Does this outcome demonstrate that genetic material is not lost during development? Why or why not?

If the HoxA3 and HoxD3 genesare equivalent, how do you suppose they can play suchdistinct roles in development?