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Why is the regeneration of RuBP (ribulose-1,5-biphosphate0 a necessary step in the calvin cycle?
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- What is the molecule that leaves the Calvin cycle to be converted into glucose? a. ADP b. G3P c. RuBP d. 3-PGAThe Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson determined the steps in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis by exposing the green alga Chlorella to CO2 labeled with the radioisotope carbon 14. By looking at which compounds the C14 ended up in, they were able to identify all intermediates in this cyclic pathway. Why did they predict correctly that the same set of intermediates would be formed in the light reaction in land plants?
- Which of the following lists the stages of the Calvin cycle in order, starting with the stage where carbon dioxide is added? PGAL synthesis → carbon fixation → light reactions → regeneration of RuBP carbon fixation → PGAL synthesis → regeneration of RuBP regeneration of RuBP → carbon fixation → PGAL synthesis photorespiration → PGAL synthesis → regeneration of RuBP → carbon fixationDuring what stage of the Calvin cycle are hexose sugars formed? stage 4 stage 1 stage 5 stage 2 stage 3What happens during the carbon fixation stage of the Calvin Cycle (light-indepedent reactions)? Energy from ATP and electrons from NADPH are used to reduce 3-phosphoglycerate to form G3P molecules (which can be used to form other organic molecules such as glucose) Oxygen is produced through this process The remaining G3P molecules that have exited the cycle are used to re-form RuBP through a series of chemical reactions, so that the Calvin cycle can continue. The enzyme Rubisco attaches to RuBP, causing the formation of molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate
- Which of the following scenarios does not occur during the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle? Hide answer choices Each molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate is phosphorylated by ATP to form 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. Each molecule of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is reduced to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate by the addition of two electrons from NADPH. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted into Ribulose bisphosphate. Some of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate molecules are used in carbohydrate production.How many water molecules have to be split as part of the light reactions to produce enough ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle to produce one molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)? STROMA (low H+ concentration) Light THYLAKOID SPACE (high H+ concentration) STROMA (low H+ concentration) Photosystem II 4 H+ H₂O 1 1/2 0₂ +2 H+ Thylakoid membrane Cytochrome complex Light Pq 4 H+ Photosystem I Pc ATP synthase ADP + H+ Fd M ATP NADP+ reductase NADP+ + H+ NADPH To Calvin CycleWhich high energy molecules are needed to power the reactions of the Calvin- Benson cycle? OATP + WATER CO2 + WATER OATP+ NADPH O NADPH + CO2
- In the Calvin cycle, what is the name of the enzyme that attaches a molecule of carbon dioxide to the 5-carbon molecule called ribulose bisphosphate? Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Ribulose bisphosphate oxygenase Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, also known as RuBisCO 3-PGA carboxylaseThe output of the Calvin cycle is G3P (Glyceraldehyde 3-p). The calvin cycle makes 6 of these , but only one leaves to be used by the plant. What happens to the other 5, and why is this necessary?A culture of the single celled organism Chlamydomonas is actively carrying out photosynthesis in the presence of light and CO2. If you turned off the light, how would you expect the amounts of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate to change over the next minute? How about if you left the light on and removed the CO2? Please answer these questions with specific references to the Calvin cycle.
