Why is RNA necessary to act as a messenger? Why can't the code be taken directly from the DNA? How do some cells become brain cells and others become skin cells, when the DNA in ALL the cells is exactly the same? In other words, if the instructions are exactly the same, how does one cell become a brain cell and another a skin cell

1)  Where in the heck did Class I transposons originate?   a DNA mutations. b Bacteria. c Prophages. d Retroviruses.   2)  What do you think about humans only having about 22,500 genes but we contain about 100,000 proteins?!   a The production of quaternary shape in proteins can contribute to protein variation. b That's the work of the spliceosome! c Post-translation modifications in the Golgi Apparatus are responsible for some of that. d All the answers are correct.

1. Draw a line representing mRNA that has already been processes (introns removed, cap and tail added). Label the 5' cap on left end and polyA tail. 2. An inch from the left add the start codon (AUG). 3. An inch from the right add one of the three stop codons. 4. Label the 5' UTR and 3' UTR (untranslated regions). 5. In the middle of your mRNA, draw two ovals representing the large and small subunits of the ribosome bound to the mRNA. Make these large enough that you can add the details below. In between the two subunits indicate the ribosomal A, P and E sites in the correct place. Put an arrow on top of ribosome to show direction of translation 6. Draw at least 3 tRNA on your picture in the correct locations: an empty one (no amino acid) exiting the ribosome, a charged tRNA with a small circle on the 3' end to indicate an amino acid, and a tRNA with several small circle representing amino acids in a chain (polypeptide). 7. Indicate the amino end of polypeptide with an “N”. (Remember…

4. Mark the following statements about the genetic code as TRUE or FALSE: The genetic code is completely universal. One amino acid can be specified by more than one codon. Each codon can specify multiple amino acids. Each codon is 3 nucleotides long, yielding 64 different codons. There are three different "stop" codons each coding for a termination amino acid. For each false statement in # 4, explain why it is false.

Which of the following are features of transcription? -there is a direct interaction between nucleotides in the template DNA strand and incoming nucleotides being joined at the growing end of the RNA chain. -the RNA product remains permanently hydrogen-bonded to the template DNA strand. -the RNA being produced is elongated by addition of nucleotides at its 5' end. -the template DNA strand is "read" by RNA polymerase in a 3'-to-5' direction. -the site at which transcription starts is called the replication origin. More than one answer is right Please help me I’m confused

1. A portion of the template strand of a DNA molecule that codes for the 5'-end of an mRNA has the following nucleotide sequence. Give the primary structure of the polypeptide (use 3-letter amino acid codes), beginning with the most common translation initiation codon, that will be specified by this portion of the gene. Be sure to label the ends of the polypeptide. 3'-TTTTACGGGAATTAGAGTCGCAGGATG-5'

3)Which of the following statements are true? Choose all that apply a)There are multiple codons possible for nearly all amino acids b)Each stop codon also codes for an amino acid c)Each tRNA will base pair with only one codon d)The start codon also codes for an amino acid e)Each codon in mRNA codes for exactly one amino acid f)Each codon in tRNA codes for exactly one amino acid g)Each anticodon in tRNA pairs with exactly one codon h)Each tRNA carries exactly one type of amino acid

Which of the following apply to transcription: Synthesis of a chromosome using DNA polymerase that produces two new chromosomes O Synthesis of a DNA molecule using RNA polymerase that produces multiple genes O Synthesis of a mRNA molecule using DNA polymerase that produces protein O Synthesis of a mRNA molecule using RNA polymerase that is a copy of a gene O Synthesis of a protein from a specific mRNA molecule that requires a ribosome