1. Create a DNA sequence with eighteen nucleotides. Indicate its 3’ on the left and 5’ on the right since that’s the template strand you will need in the next question to transcribe the mRNA.   2. Transcribe the DNA sequence above and separate the triplets into codons. Indicate 5’ and 3’ in the correct location on the strand. (Don’t worry about splicing- assume that the pre- mRNA is the same as the mature mRNA sequence) 3. Look at the genetic code, and indicate which amino acid is coded for by the codons in the above mRNA.

1. Create a DNA sequence with eighteen nucleotides. Indicate its 3’ on the left and 5’ on the right since that’s the template strand you will need in the next question to transcribe the mRNA.

2. Transcribe the DNA sequence above and separate the triplets into codons. Indicate 5’ and 3’ in the correct location on the strand. (Don’t worry about splicing- assume that the pre- mRNA is the same as the mature mRNA sequence)

3. Look at the genetic code, and indicate which amino acid is coded for by the codons in the above mRNA.

4. ANSWER BELOW QUESTIONS:

A. First write the original DNA strand. Indicate where the substitution was by either circling it or writing it in a different color. Then write the mutated DNA sequence with the point mutation (aka substitution) wherever you choose for it to be. Again, circle it or write it in a different color. Do the same for the transcribed mRNA. Repeat the directions for 2 and 3 for this new DNA stand. (i.e., include the mRNA and translated protein of the mutated DNA. Remember your mutated DNA strand should look just like the original DNA strand with one letter changed-either circled or in a different color).

B. Indicate if the mutation resulted in a synonymous substitution or nonsynonymous substitution.

C. If the mutation was nonsynonymous, indicate which type of nonsynonymous substitution it was.

D. Indicate if the results of the mutation likely beneficial, likely harmful or likely neutral.

5. ANSWER BELOW QUESTIONS:

A. Repeat number 4 (a through d), except do a deletion or insertion mutation, by subtracting or adding a nucleotide from the original DNA sequence from number 1. (Don’t forget to rewrite the original DNA sequence, and mutated DNA strand.)

B.

C.

D. Indicate if the results of the mutation is always beneficial, always harmful or always neutral.