1. Create a DNA sequence with eighteen nucleotides. Indicate its 3’ on the left and 5’ on the right since that’s the template strand you will need in the next question to transcribe the mRNA. 2. Transcribe the DNA sequence above and separate the triplets into codons. Indicate 5’ and 3’ in the correct location on the strand. (Don’t worry about splicing- assume that the pre- mRNA is the same as the mature mRNA sequence)3. Look at the genetic code, and indicate which amino acid is coded for by the codons in the above mRNA. 4. ANSWER BELOW QUESTIONS:A. First write the original DNA strand. Indicate where the substitution was by either circling it or writing it in a different color. Then write the mutated DNA sequence with the point mutation (aka substitution) wherever you choose for it to be. Again, circle it or write it in a different color. Do the same for the transcribed mRNA. Repeat the directions for 2 and 3 for this new DNA stand. (i.e., include the mRNA and translated protein of the mutated DNA. Remember your mutated DNA strand should look just like the original DNA strand with one letter changed-either circled or in a different color). B. Indicate if the mutation resulted in a synonymous substitution or nonsynonymous substitution. C. If the mutation was nonsynonymous, indicate which type of nonsynonymous substitution it was. D. Indicate if the results of the mutation likely beneficial, likely harmful or likely neutral. 5. ANSWER BELOW QUESTIONS:A. Repeat number 4 (a through d), except do a deletion or insertion mutation, by subtracting or adding a nucleotide from the original DNA sequence from number 1. (Don’t forget to rewrite the original DNA sequence, and mutated DNA strand.) B. C. D. Indicate if the results of the mutation is always beneficial, always harmful or always neutral. b. Indicate if the mutation resulted in a synonymous substitution or nonsynonymoussubstitution.C.If the mutation was nonsynonymous, indicate which type of nonsynonymoussubstitution it was.d. Indicate if the results of the mutation likely beneficial, likely harmful or likely neutral.5.a. Repeat number 4 (a through d), except do a deletion or insertion mutation, bysubtracting or adding a nucleotide from the original DNA sequence from number 1.(Don't forget to rewrite the original DNA sequence, and mutated DNA strand.)b.C.d. Indicate if the results of the mutation is always beneficial, always harmful or alwaysneutral. Mutation Worksheet1. Create a DNA sequence with eighteen nucleotides. Indicate its 3' on the left and 5' on theright since that's the template strand you will need in the next question to transcribe themRNA.2. Transcribe the DNA sequence above and separate the triplets into codons. Indicate 5' and 3'in the correct location on the strand. (Don't worry about splicing- assume that the pre-mRNA is the same as the mature mRNA sequence)3. Look at the genetic code, and indicate which amino acid is coded for by the codons in theabove mRNA.4.a. First write the original DNA strand. Indicate where the substitution was by either circlingit or writing it in a different color. Then write the mutated DNA sequence with the pointmutation (aka substitution) wherever you choose for it to be. Again, circle it or write it ina different color. Do the same for the transcribed mRNA. Repeat the directions for 2 and3 for this new DNA stand. (i.e., include the mRNA and translated protein of the mutatedDNA. Remember your mutated DNA strand should look just like the original DNA strandwith one letter changed-either circled or in a different color).

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Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)

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Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation

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1. Create a DNA sequence with eighteen nucleotides. Indicate its 3’ on the left and 5’ on the right since that’s the template strand you will need in the next question to transcribe the mRNA.

2. Transcribe the DNA sequence above and separate the triplets into codons. Indicate 5’ and 3’ in the correct location on the strand. (Don’t worry about splicing- assume that the pre- mRNA is the same as the mature mRNA sequence)

3. Look at the genetic code, and indicate which amino acid is coded for by the codons in the above mRNA.

4. ANSWER BELOW QUESTIONS:

A. First write the original DNA strand. Indicate where the substitution was by either circling it or writing it in a different color. Then write the mutated DNA sequence with the point mutation (aka substitution) wherever you choose for it to be. Again, circle it or write it in a different color. Do the same for the transcribed mRNA. Repeat the directions for 2 and 3 for this new DNA stand. (i.e., include the mRNA and translated protein of the mutated DNA. Remember your mutated DNA strand should look just like the original DNA strand with one letter changed-either circled or in a different color).

B. Indicate if the mutation resulted in a synonymous substitution or nonsynonymous substitution.

C. If the mutation was nonsynonymous, indicate which type of nonsynonymous substitution it was.

D. Indicate if the results of the mutation likely beneficial, likely harmful or likely neutral.

5. ANSWER BELOW QUESTIONS:

A. Repeat number 4 (a through d), except do a deletion or insertion mutation, by subtracting or adding a nucleotide from the original DNA sequence from number 1. (Don’t forget to rewrite the original DNA sequence, and mutated DNA strand.)

D. Indicate if the results of the mutation is always beneficial, always harmful or always neutral.

b. Indicate if the mutation resulted in a synonymous substitution or nonsynonymous
substitution.
C.
If the mutation was nonsynonymous, indicate which type of nonsynonymous
substitution it was.
d. Indicate if the results of the mutation likely beneficial, likely harmful or likely neutral.
5.
a. Repeat number 4 (a through d), except do a deletion or insertion mutation, by
subtracting or adding a nucleotide from the original DNA sequence from number 1.
(Don't forget to rewrite the original DNA sequence, and mutated DNA strand.)
b.
C.
d. Indicate if the results of the mutation is always beneficial, always harmful or always
neutral.

Mutation Worksheet
1. Create a DNA sequence with eighteen nucleotides. Indicate its 3' on the left and 5' on the
right since that's the template strand you will need in the next question to transcribe the
mRNA.
2. Transcribe the DNA sequence above and separate the triplets into codons. Indicate 5' and 3'
in the correct location on the strand. (Don't worry about splicing- assume that the pre-
mRNA is the same as the mature mRNA sequence)
3. Look at the genetic code, and indicate which amino acid is coded for by the codons in the
above mRNA.
4.
a. First write the original DNA strand. Indicate where the substitution was by either circling
it or writing it in a different color. Then write the mutated DNA sequence with the point
mutation (aka substitution) wherever you choose for it to be. Again, circle it or write it in
a different color. Do the same for the transcribed mRNA. Repeat the directions for 2 and
3 for this new DNA stand. (i.e., include the mRNA and translated protein of the mutated
DNA. Remember your mutated DNA strand should look just like the original DNA strand
with one letter changed-either circled or in a different color).

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