Why did the researchers choose one plant mitochondrion and fivebacterial species to include in the comparison matrix?

Q: When would it be beneficial to use a eukaryotic host formolecular cloning?

A: The techniques for  gene manipulation, cloning, and expression were first developed in bacteria.…

Q: How could FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) be used to determine the relative proportions of…

A: FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) is a molecular technique used in cytology studies. They…

Q: Microarray analysis has allowed scientist to A) sequenced the genome of a cell B) determine the…

A: Introduction: The final step in reading and processing data provided by a microarray chip is…

Q: Why can’t Agrobacterium be used for transforming all plants?

A: Agrobacterium is a phytopathogen tool used for plant transformation in agriculture. Agrobacterium…

Q: 1. What is a plasmid? A) An organelle found in plants that conducts photosynthesis. B) Circular…

A:

Q: What was the hypothesis tested by the researchers?

A: the hypothesis tested by the researchers are

Q: Why might a microarray be superior to usinghigh-throughput sequencing to identify a rarepopulation…

A: Translating microbial networks and their job in Earth's biosphere is vital for tending to…

Q: Evolution of Prokaryote into the Eukaryote cell type. A. What are the significant the significant…

A: The major changes that are represented in the evolution of prokaryote cells into eukaryote cells…

Q: c) Explain the centrifugation pattern, with reference to heavy (N5) and light (N) nitrogen-…

A: DNA contains a significant amount of nitrogen. Although 14N is the most prevalent nitrogen isotope,…

Q: What is a good strategy for isolating spore-formingbacteria from an environmental sample?

A: Microorganisms are small organism that cannot be seen by naked eyes. Microorganism can be harmful to…

Q: Metagenomics has revolutionized our understanding of the microbial world by allowing the study of…

A: Phylogenetic refers to the evolutionary relationships among organisms. It is a field of biology that…

Q: The white lines drawn indicate different lineages of bacteria throughout the experiment. The black…

A: On increasing the Antibiotic concentration some bacteria die and some bacteria survive. The bacteria…

Q: How would I be able to calculate alpha, beta, and gamma diversity from sites A, B and C?

A: Alpha, beta, and gamma diversity are biodiversity measures that provide information about the…

Q: Besides the reasons listed in this feature,what other reasons would make the peaplant a better…

A: reasons would make the pea plant a better object for genetic study than humans are :

Q: When Meselson and Stahl grew E. coli in 15N mediumfor many generations and then transferred the…

A: Earlier, it was proposed that DNA replication in an organism could occur in three ways following the…

Q: What would a yellow green spot on the microarray mean?

A: The microarray is a technique to determine the expression of thousands of genes at the same time.…

Q: What are sacred grooves? What is their role in conservation?

A: The term biodiversity or biological diversity indicates a variety of organisms present in a…

Q: How does Sanger sequencing differ from PCR?

A: Sanger sequencing and PCR are two unique molecular biology techniques, however they perform…

Q: In Colony Polymerase Chain Rxn (PCR), how does one determine if the gene of interest is in the wrong…

A: In Colony Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), it is important to determine if the gene of interest is…

Q: Why are plants obtained by protoplast culture called somatics hybrid?

A: Protoplasm means cytoplasm plus nucleoplasm. So, cytoplasm and nucleoplasm combine to form…

Q: Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis are very closely related species and cannot be…

A:

Q: How did the prints become trace fossils?

A: Step 1 Fossils are remains, tracks, impressions, or traces of organisms that existed in the past.…

Q: In Figure 17-25, which species is most closely related tothe ancestral yeast strain? Why are genes 3…

A: Whole genome duplications are unusual genetic occurrences with deep implications. They double the…

Q: Origins of transfer can be located in many different locations, and their direction of transfer can…

A: Transfer of genes in prokaryotes occurs through horizontal transfer mechanisms such as transduction,…

Q: select the correct options: A) For organisms that diverged  >74 mya, ignore 3rd base positions…

A: Phylogenetic  In biology, phylogenetic is the study evolutionary history and relationships between…

Q: https://onlinelibrary.wley.com/do/pdf/10.1:

A: A species are organisms that are capable of reproducing within the their own memebers. However ,…

Q: Was LUCA likely an RNA-based or DNA-based organism? Why?

A: Answer

Q: What is metaproteomics? How does it differ from metagenomics? In what ways are the two experimental…

A: Bacteria or microbes are very diverse. We can find them starting from soil to animal gut ,plants…

Q: Why plants derived from protoplast culture are named as somatic hybrids?

A: Step 1 Plant tissue culture is the technique or method of in vitro maintenance as well as growth of…

Q: Why are molecular techniques important in studying microbial ecology?

A: Microbial ecology is a biological field that involves the study of relationships and interactions…

Q: Question 4

A: The question is asking about the famous experiment conducted by Oswald Avery and his colleagues in…

Q: a) What species is considered as the outgroup? (b) What genetic marker is utilized to generate the…

A: (a) Outgroup is a species in the phylogentic tree which is distantly related to other species but…

Q: Draw and explain the process of electrophoresis utilized in decalcification.

A: Decalcification :-  As name suggests, it is removal of calcium salts,minerals and calcium tissues…

Q: Was the entire NFAT3 protein in the prey vector that gave a positive rest it only a region of the…

A: The yeast two-hybrid technique is designed to find protein-protein interactions. The yeast…

Q: Search for genes involved in envelope components by searching the gene annotations and report how…

A: …

Q: explain why the DNA sample in lane 3 did not separate into fragments?

A: Gel electrophoresis is the widely used technique in molecular biology for the separation of the…

Q: What is the role of rRNA sequencing in the classification of eukaryotic microbes?

A: Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA and is essential to all cells. rRNA is…

Q: What are pseudoalleles? Please give examples and explanations.

A: Introduction Alleles:- An allele is one of two or more versions of a gene, It denotes the variant of…

Q: The table below shows the ability of five different bacterial isolates (A-E) to grow on four…

A: An OTU is a collection of microorganisms that have been classified collectively on the basis of…

Q: What are congenic strains? A) Strains whose genome is 99.9% identical. B) Popular inbreed strains C)…

A: In biology, a strain is a group of organisms that share a set of inherited characteristics that set…

Q: List down FIVE protoplast techniques

A: INTRODUCTION Protoplast techniques Several techniques for protoplast culture include micro chamber,…

Q: What effects do deletions have on the evolution of microbialgenomes?

A: Evolution is the process of heritable change in the characteristics of an organism. Such changes…

Q: al RNA used to identify a new b

A: RNA stands for the ribonucleic acids. It is a molecules that is similar to DNA as it is also act as…

Q: According to Philip Bell’s viral eukaryogenesis hypothesis, genes for DNA replication, RNA…

A: DNA replication, RNA transcription, protein translation, and histone proteins are the terms related…

Q: What is the furthur classification of archaebacteria? On what basis it is classified.

A: Archaebacteria are known to be the oldest living organisms on earth. They belong to the kingdom…

Microbial Taxonomy

Taxonomy is the science of naming, classifying, and describing organisms. The taxonomy will include all the plants, microorganisms, and animals on this planet. Carl Linnaeus coined the taxonomy term. He is known as the father of taxonomy. Microbial taxonomy is a criterion of grouping microorganisms into groups based on their similarities and past relatedness. Microorganisms belonging to the same group are differentiated from the others via grouping into categories. This differentiation makes the study of microorganisms easy. There are different types of microbial taxonomies like Numerical and Molecular taxonomy. The study of microorganisms is known as microbiology. Microbiology is a broad term that takes into account microbial cultures, taxonomic studies, evolutionary relationships. Microbial interaction and diversity are huge data that needs to be compiled under the subject of microbiology. Microbiology covers various organisms like bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, animals, etc.