Metagenomics has revolutionized our understanding of the microbial world by allowing the study of organisms that had been impossible to culture. Understanding the Lokiarchaeota required metagenomics analysis, which has also led to the identification of the eukaryotic signature genes in other environments. The terms below relate to genes and genetic analysis. Drag each term to the correct description. Drag and drop the terms on the left to match the description on the right. ▸ View Available Hint(s) Homologous Monophyletic Metagenomics Orthologs Paralogs and that has a different function (this occurs through gene duplication) : the study of genetic material from an environmental sample Reset : a group of organisms in a phylogeny that have a common ancestor : a gene that is related in different species by being inherited from a common ancestor Help and that has the same function : a gene that is related in different species by being inherited from a common ancestor : a gene that is related in different species by being inherited from a common ancestor

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A: A viral ligand is a receptor in which the viruses function as specific ligands and bind to the…

Q: Give at least four(4) uses/application of PCR. Explain.

A: PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is use to amplify DNA. It can make billions of copies of a target…

Q: Metagenomics involves all of the following, EXCEPT A) O DNA isolation B) O DNA sequencing C) O…

A: The small, unicellular, and mostly prokaryotic organisms are called microorganisms. They are of…

Q: 2) Explain how the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) works and how this technique can be employed to:…

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Q: Which of the E. coli cultures from the regrowth experiment should be used in mutagenesis experiment

A: Mutagenesis is the phenomenon in which a change in the original sequence of DNA takes place…

Q: biotechnology lab class : 1. The bacterial streaking on antibiotic containing agar plates has been…

A: Using restriction endonucleases, a type of enzyme, restriction digestion, also known as restriction…

Q: Why does it make sense to look for ARGs and not antibiotic-resistant organisms themselves?

A: Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are segments of DNA that encode for proteins or enzymes that…

Q: Explain why the 16S rRNA gene sequence can reveal useful information about bacterial taxonomy that…

A: Introduction :- The majority of bacteria are not harmful. Those that are have specific virulence…

Q: List the critical steps in the ribosome profiling protocol and explain what this method is useful…

A: Ribosome profiling- it is carried out on a split sample, with parallel libraries constructed for…

Q: Write down all possible outcomes for template ATGCCTAAGTTTCCCTAT sequencing

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the macromolecule that stores genetic information. It is present in…

Q: In any transformation experiment involving any gene of interest, what is it you are selecting for?…

A: Transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and…

Q: ou are amplifying both gst::egfp mRNA and 23S rRNA in the PCR steps. These are two different types…

A: The DNA in the nucleus makes different types of mRNA via transcription. Different types of mRNA have…

Q: In rRT–PCR, why do need to convert RNA to DNA first? Why can’t you amplify the RNA molecule…

A: Taq polymerase does not work on RNA samples, so PCR cannot be used to directly amplify RNA…

Q: c) Explain the centrifugation pattern, with reference to heavy (N5) and light (N) nitrogen-…

A: DNA contains a significant amount of nitrogen. Although 14N is the most prevalent nitrogen isotope,…

Q: How is plasmid DNA distinguished from coli chromosomal DNA using the Qiagen Miniprep protocol?

A: In the Qiagen Miniprep protocol, plasmid DNA is distinguished from E. coli chromosomal DNA based on…

Q: You generate several temperature sensitive mutant strains of bacteria. To study what genes might be…

A: Introduction :- Bacterial mutants frequently lose a growth characteristic (such as the inability to…

Q: Sort the steps to be followed in order to produce human growth hormone (HGH) in the corre Extract…

A: Creating human growth hormone (HGH) using genetic engineering is like a science fiction adventure in…

Q: Staphylococcus aureus have a gene, mecA, that makes them resistant to the antibiotic methicillin.…

A: Microorganisms are divided into seven types such as bacteria, archaea, protozoa, algae, fungi,…

Q: You are trying to isolate a mutant of wild-type E. coli thatrequires histidine for growth. This can…

A: E.coli. is a type of bacteria. Bacteria are unicellular and prokaryotic organisms that live in a…

Q: List and briefly describe the function of 4 proteins used in DNA replication in a E. coli but NOT…

A: The process of copying a DNA molecule to produce its two identical copies is termed as the DNA…

Q: Prepare a simple flowchart of the experimental procedures for Bacteria Preparation and…

A:

Q: 18- Protein sequences can be more informative than DNA sequences. Which of the following is NOT one…

A: DNA sequences and protein sequences are both important sources of information for understanding the…

Q: The seocond part of this question is: how could you find a way to improve the metabolic efficiency…

A: We can take into account the various oxidative phosphorylation steps to pinpoint the precise…

Q: Coomassie dye is the equivalent of what component used in analysis of DNA by agarose gel…

A: Western blot helps to identify specific proteins from a mixture of proteins and this step follows…

Q: Most bacteria which are used in molecular biology are ampicillin sensitive and recA. Plasmid usually…

A: Mostly ampicillin sensitive and recA- bacteria are used in molecular biology for the transformation.…

Q: Which of the following prokaryotic cells would probably not be “competent” at transformation? an…

A: Bacteria can take up foreign DNA in a process called transformation. Transformation is a key step in…

Q: How can you tell if you have had a successful induced transformation using: "C" = control, "T"…

A: Transformation refers to the process of introducing foreign DNA (such as plasmid DNA) into bacterial…

Q: Before Taq polymerase or Pfu polymerase were available, scientists used regular E. coli polymerase.…

A: Taq DNA polymerase, Pfu DNA polymerase possesses 3′ to 5′ exonuclease proofreading activity, meaning…

Q: Considering the proclivity of bacteria to share genetic information, discuss the concerns behind…

A: Mainly antibiotics are implicated against bacterial infections. Such as in common strep throat the…

Q: Bacteriophage lambda is as one of the routinely used molecular cloning vectors, which alsoserved as…

A: Gene cloning is a process in which our gene of interest is located into the gene and copied (cloned)…

Q: Many studies have linked plasmids to bacterial resistance to antibiotics.  Closured circular…

A: Focusing on plasmids as a target to combat antibiotic resistance holds promise but requires a…

Q: Name three ways in which genetic information of bacteria can be changed.

A: The change in genetic information in bacteria is called transformation. It may occur by three…

Q: Much of what we know about the human microbiome – the microbial communities associated with various…

A: Health is significantly impacted by the human microbiome, which is made up of many microbial…

Q: The diagram below shows the results of density-gradient centrifugation of DNA extracted from…

A: The experiment done by Meselson and Stahl demonstrated that DNA replicated semi-conservatively,…

Q: Order the following technical steps that are required to identify a bacterium by PCR and sequencing…

A: The objective of the question is to arrange the given steps in the correct order that are required…

Q: Would it be appropriate to use DNA probes such as VNTR in DNA fingerprinting of an bacteriophage?

A: Any group of Viruses that attach to the bacteria and infect the bacteria is known as bacteriophage.…

Q: Give ONE suggestion for modifying the PCR reaction to detect other microbial  pathogens in the…

A: PCR tests used to detect disease when there is only a very small amount of pathogens is present in…

Q: Explain each section of the flowchart in detail by integrating all the concepts. The explanation…

A: The process by which identical copies of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or fragments of DNA are…

Q: Discuss the reasons why the proteome is larger than the genome ofa given species.

A: The genome of an individual is referred to as the organism's DNA with all the genes. It includes…

Genetic Recombination

Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.

Microbial Genetics

Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.