Q: Is there an alternative to vaccination in preventing influenza?
A: Influenza is caused by influenza viruses. Two types of influenza, A and B, cause outbreaks in…
Q: What causes primary immunodefi ciencies and acquired immunodefi ciencies?
A: Immunodeficiency, otherwise called immuno-compromisation, is a state where the immune framework's…
Q: Why is a false-positive more significant in HIV testing of patients than in screening donated blood…
A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is defined as a virus that will attack the immune system of an…
Q: Why Vaccine effectiveness declines with stress?
A: Stress can have all sorts of negative health effectsweight gain, sleeplessness, high blood pressure…
Q: What is the purpose of anti-human IgG antibodies in immunological testing?
A: Each IgG is composed of four peptide chains with two antigen binding sites - two γ-class heavy…
Q: What are side effects most common to immunosuppressive therapy? Why there is a high risk of…
A: The type of drugs or medicines that suppresses the strength of the body's immune system is referred…
Q: Why is IgM particularly effective at cross-linking antigens?
A: Antigens can be defined as the substances that is responsible for triggering the immune response…
Q: What are passive andactive immunization?According to the duration ofthe protection how do thesetypes…
A: The immunology is a branch of science that studies and deals with the immune system of the body. The…
Q: What are the General Categories of Immunodeficiency Diseases with examples?
A: The immunodeficiency diseases are classified into two categories. They are: Primary immunodeficiency…
Q: What is severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) ? Explain the symptoms & causes of severe…
A: BASIC INFORMATION DISEASE It is basically the illness of the body. This affects our bodily functions…
Q: Can host-cell defense molecules be mobilized by drugs to fight infection?
A: Defense mechanism in a human body is divided into two main categories: Innate (the defense mechanism…
Q: How is immunological surveillance useful?
A: Immunological surveillance, additionally known as immune police work, maybe a big bang theory that…
Q: What are natural activeimmunization and artificialactive immunization?
A: Immunity refers to every mechanism of the body that helps to protect the body from harmful foreign…
Q: Compare and contrast the immunologic reactions involved in types I through IV hypersensitivities.
A: Ans: Hypersensitivities: It is the undesirable response or reactions elicited by the normal immune…
Q: What is involved in the four categories of B-cell and T-cell-mediatedimmunopathologies outlined by…
A: Hypersensitivity reactions are exaggerated and inappropriate immune responses against antigens or…
Q: How do foreignness, size, and complexity contribute to antigenicity?
A: An antigen can be defined as a foreign substance or a toxic material that stimulates an immune…
Q: Why do certain drugs become immunogenic to the host?
A: Introduction :- Immunogenicity, which is defined as a cell or tissue's capacity to elicit an immune…
Q: What are different types and the effectiveness of vaccines?
A: Vaccines are the boon of the 21st century warding off all preventable diseases with a swift…
Q: Which vaccine utilizes intact Bordetella pertussis cells to initiate animmune response?a. DTaP b. DT…
A: VACCINE:-Louis Pasteur culture bacteria causing Cholera and showed chickens injected with this…
Q: Can you explain the passive and active immunities?
A: The ability of the body to protect itself from foreign bodies, like, bacteria, toxic substances, and…
Q: Briefly Explain this statement "Immunomodulator Agents "-Please explain at your own words.
A: There are certain drugs which can modulate the immune response are called Immunomodulator. They are…
Q: What are the types of hypersensitivity? Explain with an example.
A: Hypersensitivity is caused due to an exaggerated action of the immune system against a foreign agent…
Q: Define the term passive immunization?
A: Immunization is a process in which an individual's immune system is boosted against an infectious…
Q: Identify two immunological diagnostic techniques that rely on a secondary antibody, and explain how…
A: Serology is the scientific study of blood serum and other bodily fluids. In practical immunological…
Q: What is active immunty?
A: The science which involves the study of immune system is termed as immunology.
Q: What are antigenic determininants? What is their role, and how do they function?
A: An antigen is a substance that is regarded as foreign by our immune system. The antigen induces our…
Q: Why does an inactivated vaccine induce only a humoral response, whereas an attenuated vaccine…
A: The immune system in the body act as a defense system. It fights against disease and infection. The…
Q: Why are the genes that encode these antigens so variable?
A: Immunity can be defined as the presence of different components involved in different mechanisms for…
Q: In general, How do Primary immunodeficiencies and acquired immunodeficienciesdiffer in their basic…
A: When the Immune system fails to protect the host from the disease-causing organisms or from abnormal…
Q: What are the types of Vaccines?
A: A vaccination is a biological preparation that gives people active acquired immunity against a…
Q: t Are The Uses Of Indirect Immuno Fluorescence?
A: The immunofluorescence technique, which used a fluorescence microscope to read the specific…
Q: What are the Immunologic mechanisms?
A: Immunologic mechanisms are molecular or cellular regulatory mechanisms.
Q: What are main actions of cyclosporine of one of the most selective immunosuppressive agents?
A: Immunosuppressant drugs will inhibit cellular or humoral and or both of the immune responses and it…
Q: How different are theactions of antibodies againstbacteria and against virus?Why is the cellular…
A: Immunology is the branch of medical science that deals with the study of the immune system and…
Q: How are antivenomsproduced? Why areantivenoms an example ofpassive immunization?
A: Antivenoms are substances which are used to counteract venomous substances from other organisms to…
Q: what is an autoimmune disease?
A: Immunity is defined as capability of body to safeguard themselves from the attack of infectious…
Q: For allograft transplantation: (a) How do doctors avoid hyperacute rejection?
A: Transplant rejection is the point at which the organ beneficiary's immune framework recognises the…
Q: In influenza virus, what is antigenic shift and how does it occur?
A: Influenza is a common viral infection that is caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose,…
Q: Compare and contrast antigenic variation and phase variation.
A: A microbe is a life form that causes sickness. The living body is normally brimming with…
Q: How could immunoglobulin cross-reactivity between foreign antigens and host cell antigens result in…
A: Introduction Immunoglobulins are antibodies produced naturally by the immune system of the body that…
Q: Name and in a brief describe the process by which immunological diversity is generated.
A: The ability of multicellular creatures to withstand dangerous germs is referred to as immunity.…
Why are immunosuppressed individuals given antifungal agents?
'Immunocompromised' refers to a weak immune system that is not functioning properly.
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- What are the advantages of alternative immunization strategies when compared to traditional immunization procedures?Autoimmunity produces reactions that resemble which of the following hypersensitivity reactions? a)Type I, II, III and IV b)Type II, III and IV c)Type I, II and III d)Type I, III an IV e)none of the choices are correctWhat are natural activeimmunization and artificialactive immunization?
- Can S-layer proteins be detected by immunolabelling when a capsule is present? How do you know? I need help finding the answer in the article and explain in short answer link to article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106848/Describe the ways in which each of the following pathogens can disarm their host’s immune system or manipulate it to their own advantage:a. Pathogenic strains of Staphylococcusb. Enveloped virusesMost immunizations require multiple exposures to the vaccine (i.e., boosters). Why is this the case?