What are main actions of cyclosporine of one of the most selective immunosuppressive agents?

Q: Explain how and why antihistamines have a soothing effect on IgE-mediated allergy.

A: Histamine are released by mast cells in most tissue and basophils  in blood also. Or stored in…

Q: What is Immunoglobulin (Ig)

A: Protein is an important body-building macromolecule. There are four structural levels of proteins…

Q: How might IRA B cells prevent bacterial sepsis?

A: Innate response activator B cells are a subset of B-1a derived B cells that produce the growth…

Q: Based on the five major classes of antibodies given below, which of the following is present on the…

A: Antibody: It can be defined as a Y-shaped protein of the immune system responsible for detecting and…

Q: What are side effects most common to immunosuppressive therapy? Why there is a high risk of…

A: The type of drugs or medicines that suppresses the strength of the body's immune system is referred…

Q: How and why do B cells undergo a class switch from producing IgM antibodies to any of the other Ig…

A: Class exchanging happens after initiation of a develop B cell through its layer bound neutralizer…

Q: Compare and contrast live attenuated vaccines, inactivatedvaccines, and toxoids. Which of these has…

A: Vaccines are biological preparation that activate the acquired immunity against a particular…

Q: What to types of WBC are primarily responsible for adaptive immunity. Name the sub-types of each.…

A: WBCs, also known as leukocytes, are a crucial component of the immune system. Invading bacteria,…

Q: Why is IgM particularly effective at cross-linking antigens?

A: Antigens can be defined as the substances that is responsible for triggering the immune response…

Q: What are the immunological implications of 'bare lymphocyte syndrome' /MHC deficiency?

A: Introduction - Mutations in some genes of the major histocompatibility complex or genes involved in…

Q: What mechanism do Tc cells use to identify anddestroy infected cells in the body? How do Th cells…

A: Immune system protects the body against infection. Cells involved in immune functions are known as…

Q: What is the mechanism by which the AIDS virus causes deficiency ofimmune system of the infected…

A: Viruses can spread through various agents such as air, water, direct contact, and by other means.…

Q: Discuss in detail the role of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1; compare and contrast the two pathways in…

A: CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways are involved in cell-mediated immunity. The immune system protects the body…

Q: What is the major cell type involved in graft rejection?

A: T-Cell  the major cell type involved in graft rejection.

Q: What are the  General Categories of Immunodeficiency Diseases with  examples?

A: The immunodeficiency diseases are classified into two categories. They are: Primary immunodeficiency…

Q: Which complement chemotactic component has properties? а. Cla с. C4a d. C5a b. C2a е. Сба

A:

Q: Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator ofimmune defenses in action. Explain.

A: Pus is thick, opaque, yellowish protein-rich fluid that is filled with dead cells and white blood…

Q: What are the major differences between an IgE-mediated skin reaction, such as hives, and a…

A: Hypersensitivity can be defined by the intolerance shown my the immune system. It may be manifested…

Q: What are the attributes of immunoglobulins produced by multiple myeloma.  Do they help the immune…

A:

Q: Describe the mechanism of the classical complement pathway and discuss the critical role that the…

A: Introduction :- One of three pathways that activate the complement system, which is part of the…

Q: Describe the structural and functional differencesamong the five major classes of antibodies.…

A: Antibodies: Antibodies are a type of globular proteins that belongs to family immunoglobulin (Ig)…

Q: How is the bivalence of antibodies significant for a precipitationreaction, and under what…

A: Antibodies are the Y-shaped molecules that are responsible for binding to the foreign particles and…

Q: Explain how people with autoimmunity could develop antibodiesagainst intracellular components…

A: Autoimmunity is a condition when the immune system turns hostile against its own self. A disease…

Q: How are monoclonal antibodies categorised

A: Antibodies produced ordinarily by infection or immunization are polyclonal because natural antigens…

Q: What is involved in the four categories of B-cell and T-cell-mediatedimmunopathologies outlined by…

A: Hypersensitivity reactions are exaggerated and inappropriate immune responses against antigens or…

Q: How is complement activation triggered in the classical complement pathway, and how does complement…

A: The complement system is also known as the complement cascade. It is a part of the immune system. As…

Q: Describe the reasons of extensive usage of corticosteroids in the treatment of autoimmune diseases…

A: Corticosteroids are the anti inflammatory drugs which lowers the inflammation in the body.…

Q: What is the major defect in AIDS, and what causes it?

A: AIDS is Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AIDS is a chronic and life-threatening disorder. AIDS is…

Q: Would pneumococcal pneumonia require a TH cell to stimulate a B cell to form antibodies?

A: Introduction Lymphocytes are important cells of an immune system to generate an immune response.…

Q: What is the name given toconditions in which the ownimmune system of theindividual is the agent…

A: The immune system (IS) consists of many cells and proteins which protect the body from several…

Q: allergic asthma is an example of type 1 hypersensitivity, what are the major characteristics of this…

A: Allergic asthma is asthma which trigger by same substance which triggers allergy. Type 1…

Q: What are H and N spikes and how do they affect immunity in relation to the flue and why is it…

A: Common cold or flu is a viral infection that is transmitted through the air from person-to-person.…

Q: Define allergy/hypersensitivity and explain what accounts for thereactions that occur in these…

A: The immune system consists of organs and processes of the body that provides resistance to infection…

Q: What are antigenic determininants? What is their role, and how do they function?

A: An antigen is a substance that is regarded as foreign by our immune system. The antigen induces our…

Q: A)   What is the significance of producing monoclonal antibodies?  B)     What is the role of cell…

A: For Question B & C Post separately

Q: How different are theactions of antibodies againstbacteria and against virus?Why is the cellular…

A: Immunology is the branch of medical science that deals with the study of the immune system and…

Q: How are antivenomsproduced? Why areantivenoms an example ofpassive immunization?

A: Antivenoms are substances which are used to counteract venomous substances from other organisms to…

Q: Would creating vaccines and using plasma antibodies be affective  in  treating Coronavirus?

A: Basically, Plasma therapy is a medical procedure that uses the blood of a recovered patient to…

Q: Explain why immunosuppressive drugs should be taken on aregular and permanent basis following a…

A: Tissue or organ transplant is a process in which damaged or severely injured tissue or organs are…

Q: What are the strategies for combating allergy attacks?

A: Introduction Allergies are caused by improper and sudden immune response of our body to certain…

Q: Explain why Kaposi’s sarcoma is more common inimmunocompromised patients.

A: The immunocompromised patients are the patients who have impaired or weakened immune systems and do…

Q: How could immunoglobulin cross-reactivity between foreign antigens and host cell antigens result in…

A: Introduction Immunoglobulins are antibodies produced naturally by the immune system of the body that…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.