Which of these best describes NOD-like receptors? Most are found on the plasma membrane where they recognize external components of pathogens. They are cytosolic proteins activated by intracellular PAMPS and DAMPS. They bind double-stranded nucleic acids of viruses. They are found only on the plasma membranes of T and B lymphocytes. O O O O

Which of these best describes NOD-like receptors? Most are found on the plasma membrane where they recognize external components of pathogens. They are cytosolic proteins activated by intracellular PAMPS and DAMPS. They bind double-stranded nucleic acids of viruses. They are found only on the plasma membranes of T and B lymphocytes. O O O O

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter12: Body Defenses

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6RE

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Which of the following would you anticipate would be secreted through the Type III secretion system during infection? a secondary messenger effector that is unable to cross the host cell membrane, such as the AexT protein that disrupts the host cell cytoskeleton the superantigen TSST that is responsible for the signs and symptoms associated with toxic shock syndrome a pore-forming cytolytic toxin, such as a hemolysin not enough information to determine the AB toxin responsible for the flaccid paralysis associated with botulism
Gram negative cell walls contain lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a unique component. All of the following apply to LPS EXCEPT O LPS is composed of mycolic acids that protect the cell from phagocytosis LPS is a PAMP that can be recognized by toll-like receptors (TLRS) as a foreign molecule fo rphagocytosis O LPS can be a target for specific IgG for ADCC-opsonization LPS can be recognized by B cells in the aosence of MHC molecules All of the answers apply, no exception O LPS is found in the outer membrane of Gram negative cells
Which of the following statements regarding phagocyte recognition of pathogens is TRUE? TLRS in the phagocyte cytoplasmic membrane bind surface structures of microbes. O TLRS on the surface of microbes trigger the accumulation of opsonins. O Lectins on the surface of microbes are bound by chemokine receptors. NOD proteins on the surface of microbes are detected by TLRS. Question 3 A person has a disease that has activated the first line of defense. Which of the follca
Visit this website (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/chemotaxis) to learn about phagocyte chemotaxis. Phagocyte chemotaxis is the movement of phagocytes according to the secretion of chemical messengers in the form of interleukins and other chemokines. By what means does a phagocyte destroy a bacterium that it has ingested?
Complement proteins function in defense by _______. a. neutralizing toxins b. enhancing resident bacteria c. promoting inflammation d. forming pores that cause pathogens to disintegrate e. both a and b f. both c and d
Figure 42.11 Which of the following statements about T cells is false? Helper T cells release cytokines while cytotoxic T cells kill the infected cell. Helper T cells are CD4+, while cytotoxic T cells are CD8+. MHC II is a receptor found on most body cells, while MHC I is a receptor found on immune cells only. The T cell receptor is found on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
Which of the following is true about innate immune system? Check all that apply. PAMPs recognize pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) such as TLRs, NLRs and RLRs present on/in host cells TLRs that are expressed on cell surface are mostly recognized by viruses, whereas intracellular TLRs are recognized by bacteria PRRs can induce inflammatory response, opsonization and phagocytosis Pattern associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are molecules such as CpG DNA, cytosolic dsDNA and RNAs made by the host cell
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Mannose binding lectins (MBL) and ficolins are the two classes of proteins that can initiate the lectin pathway of complement activation. These proteins are selective for activating complement on the surfaces of microbial pathogens rather than host cells because: Their higher-order oligomeric structure can be assembled only after the monomers first bind to pathogen membranes. They only recruit MASP (MBL-associated serine proteases) proteins when bound to pathogen surfaces and not when bound to host cells. They only undergo the conformational change needed to activate MASP proteins when bound to a pathogen and not when bound to a host cell. They only bind to carbohydrate side chains and oligosaccharide modifications found on pathogen surfaces but not on host cell membranes. The activated MASP proteins are rapidly inactivated by hydrolysis when present on the surface of a host cell.
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