9. Rotenone is a chemical that naturally occurs in plants. It is a broad-spectrum poison, meaning it is toxic to many types of organisms, including fish, insects, and other pests. Rotenone inhibits the transfer of electrons from one electron transport chain complex to another (complex I to ubiquinone). a. Would you expect rotenone poisoning to affect the following molecules (yes or no)? If so, would you expect them in increase or decrease? Will levels

9. Rotenone is a chemical that naturally occurs in plants. It is a broad-spectrum poison, meaning it is toxic to many types of organisms, including fish, insects, and other pests. Rotenone inhibits the transfer of electrons from one electron transport chain complex to another (complex I to ubiquinone). a. Would you expect rotenone poisoning to affect the following molecules (yes or no)? If so, would you expect them in increase or decrease? Will levels

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Description: 9. Rotenone is a chemical that naturally occurs in plants. It is a broad-spectrum poison, meaningit is toxic to many types of organisms, including fish, insects, and other pests. Rotenoneinhibits the transfer of electrons from one electron transport

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter7: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7TYK

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When glucose reacts with ATP to form glucose-6-phosphate: a. the synthesis of glucose-6-phosphate is exergonic. b. ADP is at a higher energy level than ATP. c. glucose-6-phosphate is at a higher energy level than glucose. d. because ATP donates a phosphate to glucose, this is not a coupled reaction. e. the reaction is spontaneous.
8. Rotenone is a chemical that naturally occurs in plants. It is a broad-spectrum poison, meaning it is toxic to many types of organisms, including fish, insects, and other pests. Rotenone inhibits the transfer of electrons from one electron transport chain complex to another (complex I to ubiquinone). Molecule Acetyl-CoA ATP a. Would you expect rotenone poisoning to affect the following molecules (yes or no)? If so, would you expect them in increase or decrease? NADH Will levels change? (Yes or no) If yes, will the levels increase or decrease?
4 8. Rotenone is a chemical that naturally occurs in plants. It is a broad-spectrum poison, meaning it is toxic to many types of organisms, including fish, insects, and other pests. Rotenone inhibits the transfer of electrons from one electron transport chain complex to another (complex I to ubiquinone). a. Would you expect rotenone poisoning to affect the following molecules (yes or no)? If so, would you expect them in increase or decrease? Molecule Acetyl-CoA ATP NADH Will levels change? (Yes or no) Yes No yes If yes, will the levels increase or decrease?
3) The overall reaction for photosynthesis is: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP C6H₁2O6+ 60₂ (or more accurately 2x C₂H603) a. On this diagram identify where each of these reactants and products are found. b. Why don't you see the water or oxygen in this diagram? C. We can find the electrons from the water on here, where are they? Figure 8.17-3 3 ADP My 32ATP W 3P Phase 3: Regeneration of RuBP RuBP Input 3 as 3 CO₂ Rubisco 5000℗ G3P 300dogoe P 6000℗ 3-Phosphoglycerate Calvin Cycle Phase 1: Carbon fixation 600 10000 G3P Output 6 P G3P 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 6 ATP 6 ADP 6 P₁ 6 NADP+ Glucose and other organic compounds 6 NADPH Phase 2: Reduction
4. The figure below shows ATP in the binding site of pyruvate kinase, an important enzyme in cellular respiration. Note that only amino acids involved in interactions in the binding site are shown. Lys His ATP NH ; afafafor OH OH qat Glu Tyr Asp a. What is the most likely chemical interaction occurring between the tyrosine and the ribose of ATP? b. List one mutation to the lysine (Lys) in the binding site that would likely result in the kinase NOT being able to bind ATP (state the change in amino acid, not in the DNA or mRNA). In one sentence, explain why this mutation would likely lead to this change. Be as specific as possible.
10. The reaction for cellular respiration is exergonic (AG = -2870 kcal/mol) but only produces 32 ATP per molecule of glucose, representing an energy total of AG = +976 kcal/mol. What can explain this discrepancy? A. One molecule of glucose produces 2 pyruvate during glycolysis and cellular respiration therefore produces a total of 64 ATP. This makes up for the difference in energy converted from glucose to ATP. B. Both NADH and FADH₂ are also produced and contribute to some ATP, on top of the 32 ATP already produced. C. Energy remains in some glucose molecules that are not yet oxidized. D. Energy is lost in the form of heat. E. Cellular respiration includes some endergonic reactions that make up the difference in energy converted from glucose to ATP.
1. Acid phosphatases are an important group of enzymes that can be detected in human bloodserum. Under slightly acidic conditions (pH 5.0), this group of enzymes can hydrolyzebiological phosphate esters as follows:R-O-P-O3-2 + H 2O R-OH + HO-P-O3-2.Acid phosphatases are produced and can be detected in erythrocytes, kidney, spleen, the liver,and prostrate gland. The enzyme from the prostrate gland is clinically important because anincreased activity in the blood is frequently an indication of cancer of the prostrate gland.Tartrate ion can strongly inhibit the phosphatase from the prostrate gland, but not acidphosphatases from other tissues. How can you use the information above to develop a specificprocedure for measuring the activity of the acid phosphatase of the prostrate gland in humanblood serum?
11. Refer to the figure below. нн Н `NH2 NH2 N' N- 2e-+H* R NAD+ NADH NAD+ functions as a coenzyme in many enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The changes that take place in this coenzyme are the same for all of these reactions and are illustrated in the figure. It is likely that, in these reactions, NAD+ functions as an electron acceptor (reducing agent) in redox reactions. functions as an electron donor (oxidizing agent) in redox reactions. functions as a base in acid-base catalytic mechanisms. functions as an electron donor (oxidizing agent) in redox reactions. functions as an electron acceptor (oxidizing agent) in redox reactions. +Z-
16. Complete each of the following reactions in electron transport: CoQ++ FAD 4cyt c (Fe³+) + 4H+ + O₂ 16. Complete each of the following reactions in electron transport: CoQ+ + FAD 4cyt c (Fe³+) + 4H+ + O₂ →→→→4cyt c (Fe²+) + Show Transcribed Text → 4cyt c (Fe²+) +
21. The figure below illustrates two )Giving r expected A al im flasks were pathways of respiratory reactions in man. ment instead of d)why wer instead n flask B were: lin. For the results re set-up after Pathway A: Glucose 1. Define (i) Exe (ii) Ho: (iii) Ege (iv) Sec H,O+CO,+ Energy Pathway B: Glucose Lactic acid + Energy were used to east in glucose n(IV) oxide in (a) Identify the type of respiration represented by (i) Pathway A (ii) Pathway B (b) State two disadvantages of pathway B. 2. List do substar 3. Name t substar 22. The following experiment was set up to investigate whether energy is released by yeast cells. Solution in flask A andB were kept at 30°C during the experiment. 4. Name t amoeba 5. Comple Thermometer remove the 10% Organ i) Sk ii) iii) Lu Vacuum flasks = the ... 3. pen to the riment Oil layer Distilled water 6. Na ppen if the solution Water + 10% Glucose solution + yeast Flask A Flask B 7. (i) room a)Give the purpode of the oil layer 'above b)State the purpose of…
1. The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reaction below. NADH + H* NAD+ OH Pyruvate Lactate NADH absorbs light at 340 nm in the near-ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum, but NAD' does not. a. Assuming that you have a spectrophotometer that can measure light at this wavelength, qualitatively sketch a plot of A, 340 nm VS. time. How does this plot compare to the one from the experiment on the alkaline phosphatase-catalyzed reaction of p-nitrophenylphosphate? b. Would you use a highly accurate pH meter to monitor the progress of the pyruvate reaction? Why or why not?
1. As has been discussed in class the electron transport chain is the first part of oxidative phosphorylation. This chain of multi-subunit enzymes is responsible for facilitating the transfer of electrons from NADH and succinate/FADH₂ to oxygen making water. Given this understanding answer the following questions. a. Below is an equation for determining the amount of energy required to move 1 mol of protons across the inner membrane of the mitochondria. In actively respiring mitochondria the A = +/-0.15 volts to +/- 0.20 volts. The ApH for a typically mitochondria will be 0.75 pH units, with the matrix (N-side) being more alkaline than the IMS (P-side). Given this state the total energy needed to move a single proton from the N to the P-side. Assume T = 310K and R = 8.314 J mol-¹ K-¹ and a A4 = 0.17 volts. Finally, assume F = 96.5 kJ/mol/volt AG = 2.3RTAPH + FA b. How much free energy is available in the transfer of electrons from NADH to oxygen given the following half-reactions and…