Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 21, Problem 3ILQ
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Visit this website (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/chemotaxis) to learn about phagocyte chemotaxis Phagocyte chemotaxis is the movement of phagocytesaccording to the secretion of chemical messengers in theform of interleukins and other chemokines. By what meansdoes a phagocyte destroy a bacterium that it has ingested?
phagocytic cells recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns using their:
Group of answer choices
phagosomes
perforins
pyrogens
pattern-recognition receptors
Which of the following statements is false regarding phagocytosis?
It can ingest large particles.
It is mediated by clathrin at the plasma membrane.
All of the answers are true.
It is used by macrophages and neutrophils to ingest bacteria.
It is used by amoebae to ingest food.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 21 - Visit this website...Ch. 21 - Visit this website...Ch. 21 - Visit this website...Ch. 21 - Immunity can be acquired in an active or passive...Ch. 21 - Which of the following cells is phagocytic? plasma...Ch. 21 - Which structure allows lymph from the lower right...Ch. 21 - Which of the following cells is important hi the...Ch. 21 - Which of the following cells would be most active...Ch. 21 - Which of the lymphoid nodules is most likely to...Ch. 21 - Which of the following signs is not characteristic...
Ch. 21 - Which of the following is not important in the...Ch. 21 - Enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of...Ch. 21 - Which of the following leads to the redness of...Ch. 21 - T cells that secrete cytokines that help antibody...Ch. 21 - The taking in of antigen and digesting it for...Ch. 21 - Why is clonal expansion so important? to select...Ch. 21 - The elimination of self-reactive thymocytes is...Ch. 21 - Which type of T cell is most effective against...Ch. 21 - Removing functionality from a B cell without...Ch. 21 - Which class of antibody crosses the placenta in...Ch. 21 - Which class of antibody has no known function...Ch. 21 - When does class switching occur? primary response...Ch. 21 - Which class of antibody is found in mucus? IgM IgA...Ch. 21 - Which enzymes in macrophages are important for...Ch. 21 - What type of chronic lung disease is caused by a...Ch. 21 - Which type of immune response is most directly...Ch. 21 - What is the reason that you have to be immunized...Ch. 21 - Which type of immune response works in conceit...Ch. 21 - Which type of hypersensitivity involves soluble...Ch. 21 - What causes the delay in delayed hypersensitivity?...Ch. 21 - Which of the following is a critical feature of...Ch. 21 - Which of the following is an autoimmune disease of...Ch. 21 - What drug is used to counteract the effects of...Ch. 21 - Which of the following terms means many genes?...Ch. 21 - Why do we have natural antibodies? We dont know...Ch. 21 - Which type of cancer is associated with HIV...Ch. 21 - How does cyclosporine A work? suppresses...Ch. 21 - What disease is associated with bone marrow...Ch. 21 - Describe the flow of lymph from its origins in...Ch. 21 - Describe the process of inflammation in an area...Ch. 21 - Describe two early induced responses and what...Ch. 21 - Describe the processing and presentation of an...Ch. 21 - Describe clonal selection and expansion.Ch. 21 - Describe how secondary B cell responses are...Ch. 21 - Describe the role of IgM in immunity.Ch. 21 - Describe how seroconversion works in HIV disease.Ch. 21 - Describe tuberculosis and the innocent bystander...Ch. 21 - Describe anaphylactic shock in someone sensitive...Ch. 21 - Describe rheumatic fever and how Tolerance is...Ch. 21 - Describe how stress affects immune responses.
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- Describe how phagocytes recognize foreign cells. Explain the mechanism phagocytes use to kill engulfed cells. List some ways pathogens avoid the consequences of phagocytosis. Describe the cause, advantages and disadvantages of fever. Define complement and its role in host defensearrow_forwardHow does a phagocyte “know” it is in contact with a pathogen instead of another body cell?arrow_forwardWhich is an example of chemotaxis? the movement of cells toward or away from a chemical stimulus the squeezing of cells between the cells lining capillaries in order to attack invading microbes the transport of substances across the cytoplasmic membrane the attachment of phagocytes to a microorganism by binding to complimentary proteinsarrow_forward
- A phagocyte enters tissues by: chemotaxis leukocytosis diapedesis marginationarrow_forwardThe circulating cytokines that recruit large numbers of phagocytes to the area of inflammation, resulting in pus, are called: O1) pyogens O 2) pyrogens 3) interferons O 4) defensinsarrow_forwardWhat is opsonization and how does it help phagocytes? Give an example of a molecule that acts as an opsonin.arrow_forward
- The classical sign calor, associated with inflammation, is the result of what physiological event from the release of cytokines? 1) Dilation of blood vessels O 2) Cytokines affecting the hypothalamus O 3) Influx of fluid into the infected area 4) Cytokine recruitment of a large number of phagocytes to the areaarrow_forwardThe process of macrophages bringing microbes inside the cell to destroy them is called: diapedesis chemotaxis leukocytosis phagocytosisarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding phagocyte recognition of pathogens is TRUE? TLRS in the phagocyte cytoplasmic membrane bind surface structures of microbes. O TLRS on the surface of microbes trigger the accumulation of opsonins. O Lectins on the surface of microbes are bound by chemokine receptors. NOD proteins on the surface of microbes are detected by TLRS. Question 3 A person has a disease that has activated the first line of defense. Which of the follcaarrow_forward
- Ingestion of complement-tagged pathogens by phagocytes is mediated by receptors for the bound complement proteins. Even when the complement cascade fails to proceed beyond generating the C3 convertase, complement activation is effective at inducing pathogen uptake and destruction. This process of immune protection is mediated by: Activation of complement inhibitory receptors on phagocytes that promote pathogen uptake Activation of soluble proteases in the serum that disrupt pathogen membranes Engagement of complement receptors on phagocytes by C3b and its cleavage products which promotes phagocytosis Engagement of complement receptors on B cells that promotes antibody production Stimulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion by phagocytesarrow_forwardMany of the inflammatory mediators produced by tissue macrophages at sites of infection act on the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel walls. An exception to this is (are) the: Cytokines that induce increased vascular permeability Chemokines that induce directed migration of blood monocytes Cytokines that induce increased expression of adhesion molecules TNF produced by tissue-resident sensor cells Bradykinin produced that causes painarrow_forwardMake an illustration that connects the events in inflammation mediated by chemical substances. Use the following words to come up with the output connected by arrows. 1. Modified proteins 16. C142356789 2. Kininogen 3. Prostaglandins 4. Clotting system 5. Antigen 17. Kallikrein 18. Platelets 19. Serotonin 20. Kinins 21. C1423 22. Anaphylotoxins 6. Lysosomal enzymes 7. Antibody 8. C1 9. Kallikreinogen 23. Chemotactic factor 24. Serum factors 10. C142 25. C14235 11. Antigen/Antibody 12. Cells migration 26. C1423567 27. Injurious stimuli 13. Histamine 28. Acute inflammation 14. Plasmin system 29. Increased vascular permeability 15. C3 30. Chronic inflammationarrow_forward
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