Which of the following exert their cell signaling ability by directly phosphorylating other proteins? multiple answers    A. RAS   B. Epidermal Growth factor   C. HER2   D. SRC   E. Estrogen Receptor

Q: What would you expect to observe if you engineered a chimeric nuclear receptor superfamily protein…

A: This chimeric nuclear receptor information is important for scientists who are designing new drugs.…

Q: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signals through a receptor, tyrosine kinase. EGF signaling promotes…

A: An epidermal growth factor is a protein-coding gene which is responsible for controlling the…

Q: Estrogen works by binding to the ER. It includes two types ER alpha and ER beta and the two…

A: Estrogen receptors(ES) are the protein molecules present inside the cell. Their activation takes…

Q: After bonding with their ligand chemo kine receptors form complexes with what to signal initiate…

A: Chemokines are small signaling proteins secreted by cells that are specifically bound by chemokine…

Q: A mutation in HER2 that causes receptor dimerization in the absence of signaling molecules. Would…

A: Answer - B. Increases proliferation HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) is a gene it…

Q: a. A typical cellular response of a mammary epithelial cell to EGF signal is proliferation. the Kd…

A: Proliferation is the cellular response.

Q: ne epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activates a complex signaling network - increase…

A: The example shown in the question shows the ligand binding and the cascading of effects that is…

Q: Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of various conditions including high blood pressure, high blood…

A: Metabolic syndrome is a group of disorders that occur in tandem and increase your risk of heart…

Q: Treatment of cells with a drug that blocks the function Ran-GAP would result a. the accumulation of…

A: Proteins are transported into and out of the nucleus by nuclear pore complexes, which entail a…

Q: Which of the following elements may be in the transduction part of cell signaling? Select one: a.…

A: Ans: Signal transduction: The process of transporting signal from cells exterior to the internal is…

Q: What growth factor would be needed in the liver for both type I and type 4 cancers to grow? Tissue…

A: Cancer  It is a condition of an organism where any body cell divide abnormally and very fast which…

Q: If you could design a drug to overcome the affect of the newly evolved Listeria protein to restore…

A: Listeria proteins are secreted by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes which is Gram-positive…

Q: Which of the following classes of oncogenes would likely be druggable with a small molecule (select…

A: Oncogenes are genes that have the potential to cause cancer. They can be found in normal cells and…

Q: The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is mediated by which of the following (select all that…

A: EMT or epithelial-mesenchymal transition is a series of events that allows a polarized epithelial…

Q: Explain the three stages of cell signaling. a. receptor b. transduction c. response. Attach images

A: Introduction:- Cell signalling is a very important function of a cell because it allows a cell to…

Q: A particular drug inhibits the protein kinase that is responsible for phosphorylating the CREB…

A: Step 1 CREB- cAMP-response element-binding protein is a cellular translation component that binds to…

Q: Which of the following receptors are responsible for anchorage-dependence of normal cells through…

A: The extracellular matrix (ECM) is also known as amorphous ground substances that contain collagen,…

Q: Lung cell cancers are often associated with genetic changes in the EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway. One…

A: The cancer occurs in the body because of excessive growth and cell division in the cancer part of…

Q: The role of the cytoskeleton in Hedgehog signaling (actin rearrangements, microtubules) a. The…

A: To address the question first, I need to briefly explain about the cilium structure. Each cilium is…

Q: Ras proteins are activated when they a. bind GTP. b. release GTP. c. bind GDP. d. undergo…

A: Cells pass through cell cycle under the influence of external or internal signals. External signals…

Q: Ligand-activated receptors should be ________ before they can bind DNA and activate transcription.…

A: The ligand- receptors are the proteinaceous substances which allows the binding of the ligands to…

Q: Which of these pathways is highly conserved among invertebrates and mammals regarding stem cell…

A: The stem cell niche is an in vivo milieu in which stem cells live and receive cues that influence…

Q: What is the function of Ras during tyrosine kinase cell signaling? a. It activates the opening of…

A: Receptor tyrosine kinase is the second major type of cell surface receptor. The ligands for receptor…

Q: Which of the following are characteristics of “small” monomeric Ras GTPases?     A. Membrane…

A: Answer : The correct option is C because, RAS protein  RAS proteins are small group of GTPase which…

Q: How does the signaling cascade initiated by activation of the Gas protein enter the nucleus to…

A: Signal transduction requires a receptor through which a ligand interacts and transmits its…

Q: Which of the following statements are correct about cytoplasmic signaling in cancer cells? Multiple…

A: Metastasis is a significant cause of mortality worldwide. Cancer cells acquire genetic alterations…

Q: which 2 of the would be considered a second messenger?  a. Akt b. AMPK c. Ca2t d. cAMP e. mTOR

A: Second messengers are molecules that relay signals from the cell surface typically initiated by…

Q: In the light of the mechanisms of signal transduction pathways, how does the: 1. the SARS-COV2…

A: Answers Sar cov2 infiltrate the cell using it's spike protein present on its surface.this spike…

Q: Which of the following is FALSE about ethylene signaling? a. A receptor mutant that can't bind…

A: Plant hormones, also known as phytohormones or plant growth regulators, are chemical substances that…

Q: Many common medications function by interrupting the normal operation of certain signal transduction…

A: Inside the cell, multiple signaling pathways run simultaneously that allow the cell to communicate…

Q: Role of Myc activation is the follows a. It directly inhibits Rb protein through phosphorylation b.…

A: Myc is a proto-oncogene that encodes a transcription factor which is involved in the regulation of…

Q: each step of the signal transduction pathway can be expanded by..

A: Signal transduction pathway: The signal transduction pathway is a mechanism or cascade of reactions…

Q: Define the following terms: a. phosphatidylinositol cycle b. PIP2 c. IP3 d. DAG e. PKC

A: The membrane is known to be composed of a phospholipid, cholesterol, and protein. The membrane…

Q: Which of the following modifications of the Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) would be…

A: Epidermal growth factor receptor is a transmembrane protein that spans the length of the cell…

Q: 14. Paracrine signaling is characterized by ligands that are A. produced by the target cells…

A: Cell needs to interact with their environment and other cells around them. This is called cell…

Q: ay, an example of a RTK. All of the proteins involved can be in ON/OFF states. Using this cell…

A: NGF of neurotrophic growth factor primarily involves in the growth, survival, proliferation and…

Q: A virus has been identified that encodes a protein which inhibits the transporter-associated with…

A: Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)

Q: Which of the following is NOT true of ITAMs?   a. They are attached to the tails of the Ig   b.…

A: Introduction: ITAMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs) are retained four aminoacid…

Q: Even though GRB2 lacks intrinsic enzyme activity, it is an essential component of the epidermal…

A: Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are a family of ubiquitous proline-directed,…

Q: cancer-associated kinase.

A: Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (Src) is a kind of non-receptor tyrosine kinase protein which…

Q: The body produces a normal amount of testosterone. However, a particular cell you are studying has…

A: Answer - B. The cell will make less mRNA in response to testosterone exposure. Explanation - The…

Q: 3. Text Which of the below is not a way by which cells reduce signaling from trans membrane…

A: Signalling by Transmembrane receptor means recognition and binding of extracellular signal by an…

Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.