A particular drug inhibits the protein kinase that is responsible for phosphorylating the CREB protein. How would this drug affect the following events? A. The ability of the CREB protein to bind to CREs B. The ability of extracellular hormones to enhance cAMP levels C. The ability of the CREB protein to stimulate transcription D. The ability of the CREB protein to dimerize

Which of the following is an example of positive control? (a) transcription occurs when a repressor binds to an inducer (b) transcription cannot occur when a repressor binds to a corepressor (c) transcription is stimulated when an activator protein binds to DNA (d) a and b (e) a and c

A gene that codes for a positive cell cycle regulator is called a(n) _______. a. kinase inhibitor b. tumor suppressor gene c. proto-oncogene d. oncogene

During signal transduction (a) the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process (b) a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes (c) each enzyme catalyzes production of one molecule of product (d) enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process (e) the signal is terminated by cyclic AMP

Through alternative splicing, eukaryotes (a) reinforce gene inactivation (b) prevent transcription of heterochromatin (c) produce related but different proteins in different tissues (d) amplify genes to meet the requirement of high levels of a gene product (e) bind transcription factors to enhancers to activate transcription

Binding of _______ to _______ in DNA can increase the rate of transcription of specific genes. a. activators; repressors c. repressors; operators b. activators; enhancers d. repressors; enhancers

What is the sequence of events that takes place in cell signaling?

Which of the following mutations will result in cancer? a. homozygous recessive mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene coding for a nonfunctional protein b. dominant mutation in a tumor-suppressor gene in which the normal protein product is overexpressed c. homozygous recessive mutation in which there is a deletion in the coding region of a proto-oncogene, leaving it nonfunctional d. dominant mutation in a proto-oncogene in which the normal protein product is overexpressed

How does NF-kB induce gene expression? A small, hydrophobic ligand binds to NF-kB, activating it. Phosphorylation of the inhibitor Ik-B dissociates the complex between it and NF- kB, and allows NF-kB to enter the nucleus and stimulate transcription. NF-kB is phosphorylated and is then free to enter the nucleus and bind DNA. NF-kB is a kinase that phosphorylates a transcription factor that binds DNA and promotes protein production.

Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set gene expression pattern. A targeted therapy that prevents the activation of the estrogen receptor in breast cancer would be beneficial to which type of patient? patients who express the EGFR receptor in normal cells patients with a mutation that inactivates the estrogen receptor patients with lots of the estrogen receptor expressed in their tumor patients that have no estrogen receptor expressed in their tumor