Genetic Recombination
Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.
Microbial Genetics
Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.
A small number of cell surface receptors and low amounts of signals (ligands) can generate a large intracellular response as each step of the signal transduction pathway can be expanded by...
A. gene amplification, i.e. increasing the number of target genes.
B. enzyme-mediated signal amplification, e.g. phosphorylation cascades.
C. the synthesis of new proteins.
D. ATP Synthase, e.g. by building proton (H+) gradients.
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