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- A disk-diffusion test using E. coli gave the following results: Disinfectant Zone of inhibition (diameter in mm) A 15 B 2.0 C 10 D 5 In the table above, which compound was the most effective against E. coli? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.Penicillin heralded the dawn of the antibiotic age when it was discovered in 1928 and is now the most widely used antibiotic in the world. A membrane electrode was developed for the quantitative analysis of penicillin. The table above shows the data which were collected using a set of penicillin standards against saturated calomel electrode. An unknown sample produced a potential of 142 mV. A) Which served as the reference electrode? B) What is the molar concentration of penicillin in the sample?The principles of osmosis are used in food preservation. Certain foods are stored in strong salt solutions (brine) or in syrups to prevent infection by microbes. a) Explain how the principles of osmosis apply to this situation. b) What effect will these solutions have on the micro-organisms?
- Two flasks of E. coli are grown in batch culture in the same medium (2% glucose and amino acids; no nitrate) and at the same temperature (378C). Culture #1 is well aerated. Culture #2 is anoxic. After 16 hours the following observations are made: ■ Culture #1 has a high cell density; the cells appear to be in stationary phase, and the glucose level in the medium is reduced to 1.2%. ■ Culture #2 has a low cell density; the cells appear to be in logarithmic phase, although their doubling time is prolonged (over 1 hour). The glucose level is reduced to 0.2%. Why does culture #2 have so little glucose remaining relative to culture #1, even though culture #2 displayed slower growth and has less biomass?A potato cube is placed in a solution. The volume of the potato increases. which statement below is the correct interpretation of this result? a) The potato is in an isotonic solution b) The potato is is in a hypotonic solution c) water is moving equally in and out of the potato d) The potato is in a hypertonic solutiona)Determine the amount of X (in gram) in order to prepare 100 mL of 50 mM stock solution of X. Show your work. (MW of X= 225) b)Determine the volume required (mL) from the stock solution X in (i) to prepare 500 mL of MS medium containing 5 mg/L X. Show your work.
- A genetically modified bacterium was cultivated to produce 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), and the following yields were obtained: YX/S = 0.106 gX/gS and YP/S = 0.28 gP/gS. Knowing that the culture medium was formulated with glucose, ammonia and some mineral salts, and the cultivation was carried out under aerobic conditions, answer:a) What is the oxygen demand in this process?b) What is the maximum theoretical yield of 1,3-PDO in this process?c) Projecting the scale-up, what cell concentration must be reached to obtain 10 kg of 1,3-PDO in a batch reactor with 1 m3 of culture?What cell types would be able to grow on the ECM in the following situations?a) Streptomycin was not added to the ECM.b) The ECM contains thiamine.c) The ECM contains all 20 amino acids and all 5 nitrogenous nucleic acid bases. Reminder: ECM = minimal medium + glucose + has streptomycin antibioticin food microbiology, how do you compute for concentration (M) and absorbance (A) of peroxidase activity on hydrogen peroxide at different pH values? (wavelength used = 415nm). can you please explain the calculations thank you if given: Temperature = 75 C Molar absorptivity coefficient = 10.5 Path length (cm) = 2 I = transmitted light = 0.45
- Which form of the Coomassie dye do you expect to be more prevalent in a low pH solution? Group of answer choices A) Blue B) Red C) GreenWhich statement among A-D is false regarding physical and chemical agents of control? A) O Effective killing of bacteria via irradiation with UV light would likely take longer than if irradiated with gamma rays or x-rays. B) O Detergent-type disinfectants exert their effect by solubilizing membranes. C) O Antiseptics are generally not as strongly concentrated as disinfectants D) O Sterilization and pasteurization are equivalent processes.In the diffusion experiment, phenolphthalein is used as a pH indicator. It will turn in a solution. A) colorless ; basic B) colorless ; acidic C) pink; acidic D) pink; basic