Which of the following is correct about aflatoxin? 1) It is added to some ice creams and salad dressings as a thickener. 2) It is a poison made by certain molds that can grow on corn. 3) It is added to fruit juices as a color enhancer.
Q: The chemical nature of endotoxins is that of a protein lipid polysaccharide nucleic acid
A: Endotoxin is a type of pyrogen that is found in Gram-negative bacteria's cell walls, such as E.…
Q: Why are exotoxins more potent than endotoxins?
A: A lot of endotoxins is expected to causes a disease and consequently, their intensity (potency)…
Q: How do strains of C. diphtheriae acquire the gene for toxin production?
A: Diphtheria toxin is an exotoxin which is secreted by the Corynebacterium, the pathogenic bacterium…
Q: Which one of the following is a potent neurotoxin? β-mercaptoethanol Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Non…
A: Potent means strong and Neurotoxin means a chemical substances that are toxic or poisonous to…
Q: How is an enterotoxin different from endotoxin?
A: Bacteria use various biochemicals as a defense against various drugs and the host immune system. It…
Q: Compared with all other foodborne or waterborne pathogens,what is unique about prions?
A: The proteins are made of amino acids. The amino acids are of 20 types that combine in a varied…
Q: Contrast Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome from Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome.
A: Toxic shock syndrome is a condition caused by bacterial toxins. TSS is typically caused by bacteria…
Q: What is MRSA? In your own, words describe why MRSA is so concerning.
A: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) disease is acquired by a staph bacteria that has…
Q: Using an online research tool such as the A-Z index on the CDC website, explain why Listeria…
A: Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial species responsible for causing listeriosis. The disease is…
Q: All of the following are true about Clostridium tetani, thecausative agent of tetanus, EXCEPT:(a)…
A: The small microscopic organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye are called microorganisms or…
Q: List with details 10 unique characteristics of MRSA .
A: MRSA is methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus. MRSA is a type of staphylococcus aureus which…
Q: Endotoxin is associated witha) Gram-positive bacteria.b) Gram-negative bacteria.c) the cytoplasmic…
A: Endotoxin : It is the chemical which is toxic in nature released from the bacterial cell when the…
Q: Cephalosporins resemble which antibiotic in their mode ofaction and their structure?(a)…
A: A type of antimicrobial substance that is active against bacteria is an antibiotic. It is the most…
Q: Briefly state the role microorganisms play in each of the following: ▪ normal microbiota ▪…
A: Introduction: Biotechnology is the exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other…
Q: Which of the following diseases cannot be treated using antibiotics? a-Strep throat b-Tetanus…
A: Pathogenicity represents a specialization in a certain microorganism to replicate and damage host…
Q: Why might the Yersinia pestis from a patient with pneumonic plague be more dangerous than the same…
A: Bacteria are the most important microorganisms to the food processor. Some bacteria are beneficial…
Q: All of the following are true of Legionnaires’ disease excepta) the causative organism can grow…
A: Protozoa include single-celled eukaryotes and can be free-living or parasitic. These feed on organic…
Q: Compare and contrast the mode of action of tetanus and botulinum toxins.
A: Introduction The toxins are small peptide molecules that can cause disease after contact with the…
Q: What statement is not correct regarding endotoxins:
A: The endotoxins release the toxins only when the bacteria is killed, whereas, the exotoxins release…
Q: Does the causative agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, form spores thus making it…
A: Pathogens are the microbe that causes disease.
Q: Which of the following about Staphylococcus aureus is false?a) It is generally coagulase-positive.b)…
A: Staphylococcus aureus are the gram positive, catalase-positive bacteria that are commonly found in…
Q: What do pathogenesis related proteins and phytoalexins have in common? How do they differ?
A: Pathogenesis related (PR) protein – These proteins are produced by plant in the event of pathogen…
Q: Why is it rare to hear about foodborne disease outbreaks from the consumption of candy bars ?
A: All candy bars consist of different constituents depending upon their their but some of the common…
Q: Staphylococcus aureus can be responsible for all of the following conditions excepta) impetigo.…
A: Answer is d.) scaled skin syndrome.
Q: Explain what exotoxins are, including how they are different from endotoxins in structure, function…
A: Answer: Introduction: Endotoxins means a lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes that are produced by…
Q: The bacteria which causes syphilis is a spirochete which means it is shaped like ___.…
A: Treponema pallidum, the organism that causes syphilis, is a spirochete. Syphilis is an infectious…
Q: Which gene is the antitoxin gene that will allow the bacteria to survive in the presence of the…
A: ccd system is found in the bacteria. It stands for the control cell death system.
Q: Compare and contrast the actions of amoxicillin, azoles, macrolides, and polymyxin
A: Antimicrobials are used to treat microbial illnesses by either suppressing or killing the pathogen.…
Q: If endotoxin can not convert to toxoids how can we treat endotoxin?
A: Endotoxin is a toxin present inside a bacterial cell that is released when it disintegrates.…
Q: Compare exotoxin from endotoxin based on the following features
A: Toxins are dangerous substances produced by live cells or organisms; synthetic toxicants made by…
Q: Which of the following apply to exotoxins Exotoxins require anaerobic environments to function…
A: All Answers Apply Exotoxin is secreted by bacteria and can cause damage to host by destroying it's…
Q: Which of the following toxins are exotoxins None of the above Streptococcal pyrogenic toxin LPS of…
A: There are different types of diseases that affect the normal physiology of the body. The diseases…
Q: Compare and contrast the major characteristics of exotoxins andendotoxins.
A: Microbial toxins are noxious substances generated by microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria in…
Q: How is Giardia, a eukaryotic pathogenic parasite, affected by vancomycin? Explain your answer.
A: Giardia is a anaerobic flagellated protozoan parasites of the phylum metamonada which colonise and…
Q: Which of the following is NOT a toxin that contributes to foodborne illnesses? A. Heavy metal…
A: Foodborne illness, food poisoning, or foodborne disease can be defined as the illness that results…
Q: What are endotoxins vs. exotoxins?
A: A toxic heat-stable lipopolysaccharide substance present in the outer membrane of gram-negative…
Q: Which type of toxin, when secreted, may lead to the disruption of the cells within the…
A: Enterotoxin
Q: Fill in the table below with the missing information. Use the recorded lectures as your guide.…
A: The exotoxin is the extracellular components of the cell that are excreted by the cells. The…
Q: Describe the relationship between an antitoxin, a toxin, and a toxoid.
A: The immune system is a bodily system which consists of white blood cells, and organs and tissues of…
Q: Which of the listed antibiotics is not considered broad-spectrum? a) Rifamycins b)…
A: Antimicrobial drugs are chemicals that interfere with some specific microbial structure or function…
Q: What are exotoxins and endotoxins and compare and contrast their major characteristics?
A: Bacteria and fungi are the two microbes that have found to cause several harmful diseases in the…
Q: In the hospital setting, how effective is handwashing compared to hand sanitizer at controlling the…
A: Hands are the important vector in the transmission of the COVID-19 virus because the virus can…
Q: Normal resident microbes are absent from thea. pharynx b. lungs c. intestine d. hair follicles
A: Microorganisms that are often present in or on a person and typically do not cause any disease are…
Q: How do you know if the particles on the surfaces in your classrooms are infective?
A: bacteria , viruses and spores live on the surface for variable amount of time from 1 day to many…
Q: Describe in detail the exotoxin and endotoxin with examples and diagrams.
A: Many pathogenic microorganisms secrete different types of substances that contribute to their…
Q: Name one disease where exotoxins are important
A: A disease is defined as an abnormal condition that will affect a living organism. Diseases are…
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- Abimbola's great grandfather was a member of the Fore tribe of Papua New Guinea that practiced cannibalism. He would often burst into laughter and have the shakes. He had Kuru. c) Describe the aetiologic agent of Kuru d) Discuss management and prevention of Kuru.Which of the following is NOT true of bacterial exotoxins? 1. Important in the pathogenesis of many human diseases 2. Their toxic effect can be systemic, affecting cells distant from the primary site of infection 3. None of the other four answers (All are true of bacterial exotoxins) 4. Different exotoxins may affect different types of cells (e.g., nerves, gastrointestinal mucosa) 5. Some exotoxins have two components, A (active) and B (binding)(b) List TWO (2) types of common food hazards. Describe the properties of bacteria endotoxin based on the following component; (i) (ii) (iii) Stability Antigenicity Toxicity
- Which of the following is NOT true of bacterial endotoxin? 1. None of the other four answers (All are true of bacterial endotoxin) 2. Can cause life-threatening drop in blood pressure (shock) 3. Composed of proteins produced by bacteria and released into surrounding environment 4. Composed of lipid A, a component of the gram-negative bacterial outer membrane 5. Stimulates macrophages to produce a substance (TNF) that damages capillariesAll of the following are true of Lyme disease excepta) it is caused by a spirochete.b) it is transmitted by certain species of ticks.c) it occurs only in the region around Lyme, Connecticut.d) most cases get a rash that looks like a target.e) it can cause heart and nervous system damage.1) Which of the following apply(ies) to Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis? Choose all that apply: a) B. anthracis forms spores while B. cereus does not b) B. cereus is more lethal when it causes an infection c) B. anthracis has extra-chromosomal DNA that makes it more pathogenic d) Despite their similar names, the two are actually not at all related e) The 16S rRNA gene sequences of these bacteria are more than 99% identical, meaning that they are actually members of the same species
- In the emergency department, several patients have possibly been exposed to anthrax. The nurse will prepare to administer prophylactic doses of a )ciprofloxacin.b )cidofovir.c) immunoglobulin.d) antitoxin.Which one(s) is/are more harmful to the host and why? A) Antifungal agents B) antiprotozoal agents C) antibiotics A and BWhich one of the following categories for antibacterial agents is most likely to have toxic side effects for humans? a) disruptors of cell membrane structure b) inhibitors of cell wall synthesis Oc) inhibitors of protein synthesis d) antimetabolites RESET e) inhibitors of DNA synthesis Cancel Done
- Children with ________ should avoid exposure to allergens and triggers such as pollen, dust mites, and pet dander to prevent exacerbations. A) diabetes B) asthma C) anemia D) obesityThere are fewer antifungal, anti protozoal, and antihelminth drugs compared to antibacterial drugs because these organism: a) do not cause many human infectious b) are not affected by antimicrobial drugs c) are so similar to human cells that drug selective toxicity is difficult d) are parasites found inside human cells e) have fewer target sites compared to bacteriaWhich of these statements concerning cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is true?a) It is caused by a yeast with a large capsule.b) It is a disease of trees transmissible to humans.c) It typically attacks the meninges but spares the brain.d) Person-to-person transmission commonly occurs.e) It is seen only in persons who are immunocompromised.