Compare exotoxin from endotoxin based on the following features
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- Compare exotoxin from endotoxin based on the following features
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FEATURE |
EXOTOXIN |
ENDOTOXIN |
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Relation to cell |
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Toxicity |
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Stability |
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Antigenicity |
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Conversion to toxoid |
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- Staphylococcus aureus excretes a food poisoning toxin which, when ingested, produces nausea and vomiting within 6 hours. Which term below is applicable to this toxin? Anaphylactic toxin & Mycotoxin Endotoxin & Myocotoxin O Exotoxin & Endotoxin Exotoxin & neurotoxin Enterotoxin & EndotoxinDefine the following terms coagulase enterotoxins kinases necrotizing enzymes neurotoxin endotoxin exotoxinWhich of the following is NOT true of bacterial endotoxin? 1. None of the other four answers (All are true of bacterial endotoxin) 2. Can cause life-threatening drop in blood pressure (shock) 3. Composed of proteins produced by bacteria and released into surrounding environment 4. Composed of lipid A, a component of the gram-negative bacterial outer membrane 5. Stimulates macrophages to produce a substance (TNF) that damages capillaries
- Which of the following contribute to a pathogen's invasiveness? endotoxins hyaluronidase F proteinExplain what exotoxins are, including how they are different from endotoxins instructure, function and affecting host cell physiology, ensuring that you provide suitableexamples of each category of toxinBelow are a list of virulence factors/ strategies paired with an example of an organism that utilizes them. How do each of the following strategies contribute to the virulence of the pathogen? Strategy - Causes the host to produce more receptors (Organism - Rhinovirus) Strategy - Produces gas as a product of fermentation (Organism - Clostridium perfringens) Strategy - Produces a capsule (organism - Klebsiella pneumonia) Strategy - Ability to move between adjacent cells (organism - Cytomegalovirus) Strategy - Ability to use pilus as a motility structure (organism - Pseudomonas aerogenosa)
- Which of the following is NOT true of bacterial exotoxins? 1. Important in the pathogenesis of many human diseases 2. Their toxic effect can be systemic, affecting cells distant from the primary site of infection 3. None of the other four answers (All are true of bacterial exotoxins) 4. Different exotoxins may affect different types of cells (e.g., nerves, gastrointestinal mucosa) 5. Some exotoxins have two components, A (active) and B (binding)Describe the differences in bacterial endotoxin and bacterial exotoxins with respect to mode of action, signs and symptoms, and body’s response to these toxins. What would you say is the logical reason bacteria make toxins?Fill in the table below with the missing information. Use the recorded lectures as your guide. Characteristic Endotoxin Exotoxin Composition(Name biological molecule) Effect on Host(Location and symptoms) Heat stability(Can it be controlled with heat?) Organism example that would "produce" this type of toxin Example disease caused by this toxin
- The parents of a 3-day-old male neonate are concerned by their child's condition. The child is irritable, has fever and blisters over most of his body, and peeling skin as seen in the attached image. Which of the following virulence factors produced by the most likely causal agent is responsible for this condition? Answers A - E A Alpha-Toxin B Beta hemolysin C Exfoliative toxin D Pyrogenic exotoxin E Toxic shock syndrome toxin O Question #6 attachment O .0portal of entry opportunistic Infection morbidity pathogen healthcare-associated infection virulence factors pathogenicity toxemia Entry into the host by a which can cause disease in a healthy host pathogen can be via a which can cause disease in an immunocompromised host which can establish can lead to attachment and avoidance of host defenses, which depend on may be caused by normal biota may be caused by drug- resistant microbes such as enzymes and toxins that may trigger may enhance which together with fever other signs and symptoms define a Reset(b) List TWO (2) types of common food hazards. Describe the properties of bacteria endotoxin based on the following component; (i) (ii) (iii) Stability Antigenicity Toxicity
