Which of the following is an advantage of using monoclonal antibodies over polyclonal antibodies in immunoassays? Select one: A. They can generate results that are more reproducible. B. They generate higher background signals. C. They have a complicated screening procedure. D. They are cheaper.

Which of the following statements are true for antigen presentation.   a. Antigen presentation means that other cells attach the pathogen first and present it to T cells.   b. Antigen-presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor to B cells   c. Antigen presenting cells display protein fragments, resulting from the digestion of the pathogen, in complex with MHC receptor on their surface.   d. Antigen-presenting cells are phagocytic cells   e. Antigen presentation is required for T cell activation   f. Cytokines released by macrophages are required for T cell activation   g. T cell receptors recognize the MHC receptors in complex with antigen fragments displayed by antigen-presenting cells.   h. Phagocytic cells are involved in innate immunity. Therefore they have no role in T-cell activation

Antibodies Select one: a. are not specific, but act generally. b. are composed of four light and four heavy polypeptide chains. c. play a large role in cell-mediated immunity. d. are produced by both T and B cells. e. have a variable region that binds to a specific antigenic determinant.

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