Discuss the role of autoantibodies in three named autoimmune diseases, then discuss how four named monoclonal antibody therapies (biologics) have been used to treat patients with autoimmunity. Use the aid of many diagrams.

Q: What Moniclonal antibody topics can one do research on ?

A: Monoclonal antibodies are proteins that imitate the immune system's capacity to combat harmful…

Q: Cell-mediated immunity is specifically effective against what type of target? Provide examples.

A: Immunology is a section of biology that includes the study of molecules, cells, and organs that…

Q: What advantages do monoclonal antibodies have compared topolyclonal antibodies? How are mAbs…

A: Introduction  Antibodies: Anti means “Against”; body here refer to antigens hence antibodies are the…

Q: Define monoclonal antibodies and list some specificapplications of this technology.

A: The glycoproteins which are synthesized by the B cells differing in their amino acid sequence and…

Q: Illustrate the structure of an antibody molecule. Label the constant and variable regions, the Fc…

A: An antibody, also referred to as an immunoglobulin, may be a Y-shaped structure which consists of 4…

Q: Describe the main functions of T cells. What are the main types of effector T cells and their…

A: T cells also known as T lymphocytes, are part of the immune system and are one of the most important…

Q: What are side effects most common to immunosuppressive therapy? Why there is a high risk of…

A: The type of drugs or medicines that suppresses the strength of the body's immune system is referred…

Q: Mention the site in the body where the B-cells and T-cells are formed. Give one difference between…

A: Introduction: The immune system is involved in protecting the human body from any invading pathogen.…

Q: Describe the three processes responsible for antibody diversity, estimating the diversity each…

A: The human body comes across different antigens, hence the immune system has the potential to produce…

Q: Draw the general structure of an antibody and list the different classes as well as their abundance

A: The antibody or immunoglobulins (Ig) are circulating glycoprotein molecules secreted by…

Q: An antibody consists of four protein chains, two______chains and two_______ chains. Each is composed…

A: The molecules bind to one of the two types of protein receptors of the immune system. One of the…

Q: Explain the clonal selection theory of antibody specificity and diversity.

A: Introduction: The antibody is a protein secreted by the body to fight against the invasive pathogen…

Q: Would it be worse for the function of the antibody for it to lose the Fc region or a Fab region?…

A: The  N-terminal fragment square degree is called the beautiful space, and also the C-terminal…

Q: Antibodies:  IMMUNOLOGY basic  have two identical antigen-binding sites.  consist of two identical…

A: The multiple choice questions are worked and answers are given below

Q: How are antibodies unique? Please discuss the structure of an antibody. What are the V and C…

A: The antibodies are unique their mechanism of action in response to an antigen. Antibodies are…

Q: If you wanted to cure allergies by bioengineering an antibody that would bind and disable the…

A: Antibodies are soluble glycoproteins composed of 4 polypeptide chains of identical light chain and…

Q: Diagram the structure of an antibody. What parts bind toantigens? Why does each antibody bind only…

A: Above is a diagram of an antibody. The light-chains and heavy-chains, outlined in yellow and red…

Q: Write T if the statement is correct; write F if the statement is not correct. P and E selectins are…

A:

Q: As a research scientist working on MS detail the possible strategic directions you could take to…

A: interferon β-1b is an immunomodulator.  It used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.  Multiple…

Q: What are the types of Immunomodulator agents?  Please explain each of them?  Please answer at your…

A: Immunomodulators are substances that operate on the pathways that control the immune system's…

Q: T cells have to work in a partnership with an Antigen Presenting Cell (APC). Before this can occur,…

A: Antigen Presenting Cells (APC) are phagocytic cells which engulfs pathogens. Some example of APC are…

Q: What is MHC?  List the specific cells that have MHC presentation and describe their role in the…

A: A sequence of genes that code for cell surface proteins that regulate the adaptive immune response…

Q: Which domain of antibody defines its type and which domain is for specificity against antigen. Also…

A: Antibody is also known as immunoglobulin is a Y-shaped protein. They helps in providing immunity to…

Q: ADCC is an important mechanism for eliminating parasites and pathogen-infected cells. Go back and…

A: The immune response is the bodys complex system of defense mechanisms that is activated when the…

Q: Name the two types of antibody light chains.

A: Antibodies are Y-shaped specialized proteins that attach like a lock-and-key to a foreign pathogen.…

Q: antibodies

A: Biotechnology is a wide range of studies where it uses its techniques with biological systems to…

Q: During a secondary immune response, approximately how long does it take for antibodies to reach…

A: A secondary immune response is a type of immune system response that occurs after the primary immune…

Q: Sketch a diagram to illustrate the interaction between MHC I molecules of the named cell type and…

A: The MHC I molecules are the major histocompatibility complex I which are present on the surface of…

Q: What are the negative side effects of taking immunosuppressive drugs?

A: Immunosuppressive drugs are defined as the medicine used to prevent or reduce the chance of…

Q: How does the design of CAR T-cell therapies address the limitation of requiring 2 signals for full T…

A: CAR T-cell therapies are a type of immunotherapy that involves genetically modifying a patients T…

Q: Write a note on immunoglobulins. Write briefly about conjugated proteins.

A: The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect…

Q: How could cyclosporine be used to treat autoimmune disease? be sure to explain you're reasoning

A: Answer- Cyclosporine works by weakening our immune system. White blood cells, part of our immune…

Q: Give typed full explanation Introduction of induction of specific protective antibodies in a…

A: Immunity refers to the ability of an organism to resist or defend against a particular infection or…

Q: Explain the effects of azathioprine, corticosteroids and cyclosporine A and their combined effects.…

A: . From these reports, it appears that in severe acute ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease…

Q: ribe the reason that it is useful that antibodies have two antigen binding arms.

A: By the time B lymphocytes reach lymphoid tissue, they have developed their own set of antigens. This…

Q: lin antibodi

A: Anti-immunoglobulin antibodies or IgG antibodies are the antibodies responsible for producing…

Q: Antibodies can be divided into monoclonal and polyclonal. State the main difference between them.…

A: Antibody It is also known as immunoglobulin. It is a Y-shaped protein. It is used by the immune…

Q: What are the raw materials of anti-aging serum ? Please answer at your own words.

A: Anti-aging serums and creams are popular in the market due to their repairing and replenishing…

Q: In some cases antibodies from individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 are being used as…

A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are big, Y-shaped proteins that help the immune system…

Q: Before the mechanism for generating antibody diversity had been established, a mechanism based on…

A: Any abnormal condition that hinders normal body functioning is considered a disease. Nutrient…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.