Which of the following are elements of the structure of antibodies? Select all that apply. The antigen-binding sites are unique to each antibody. Each antibody has three binding sites for antigens. The antigen-binding sites of each antibody can bind to multiple antigen types. Four polypeptide chains are joined in a Y-shaped configuration.

Construct a typical antibody (immunoglobulin) molecule. Label the variable and constant regions, and the light and heavy chains.  Indicate which region determines the antibody’s isotype (class). Indicate which region determines its antigenic specificity.

Choose one: 1- what are the antigenic determinant in the variable region of antibodies? Allotypes or idyotypes or isotypes ---------------------------------choose one: 2-When an antibody binds to more than one antigenic particle the best description will be: Cross reacting or clonal expansion or proliferation ------------------------------------------ choose one: 3-Antigen dependent phase during B cell maturation occur Peripheral tissues or bone marrow or spleen only?

A B C D E F G (a) E H [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] (b)

If you are transfusing blood to a hypothetical patient, is it more important that the transfused blood have antigens that will not react with the recipient’s antibodies or antibodies that will not react with the recipient’s antigens? Pick one and briefly explain why.

The function of the integrin can be described as follows:a). Media signal translation insideb). Stabilizes the binding of the TCR so that receivers are added and signals are sent insidec). Allows the receiver and its corrector to stick to the antigend). It helps the movement and development of lipid rafts that add and concentrate antigens together with TCR

Addition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific for hemoglobin to a solution of hemoglobin results in the formation of a red precipitate. In contrast, addition of the Fab fragments from this antibody to hemoglobin results in no such precipitate. What could explain this difference in results? Treatment with papain produces Fab fragments with different antigen specificity than the original IgG molecule. IgG can simultaneously bind two different antigens, whereas an Fab fragment can only bind one antigen at a time. The Fab fragments preferentially bind to other Fab fragments rather than to hemoglobin. The hemoglobin molecule antibody-binding sites can bind IgG molecules, but cannot bind Fab fragments.

The followings are functions of antibody eliminating unknown particles or cells which enter into the body, except... A. Attach to the active side of particle or cell that enters into the body B. Make easier of macrophage to phagositosize unknown particle or cell that enters the body C. Precipitate the unknown particle that dissolves in body fluid  D. Initiate the working system of complement E. Eliminate bacteria that grows on endosome of macropahge