Which of the following intermediates of the TCA cycle has 5 carbons? (Hint: You don't need to have memorized specific structures for this question, just recall what molecules the TCA cycle starts with and where in the cycle carbons are lost as CO2 ).  a) Fumarate b) None of the above  c) Succinyl CoA d) Citrate e) Oxaloacetate

Enzyme + acetate + CoA ---> enzyme + acetyl _ CoAIn the reaction above, the enzyme is acting as a A) Modulator B) Cofactor C) Catalyst D) Activator

Which of these molecules has a higher phosphoryl potential than ATP?  a)  glucose-6-phosphate   b)  glucose-1-phosphate   c)  phosphoenolpyruvate    d)  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate The most commonly used biochemical reducing agent is: a) NADH   b)  NADPH   c)  FADH2    d)  LiALH4 Hexokinase catalyzes: a) conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate b)   conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate   c)  conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-biphosphate  d)  cleavage of fructose-1,6-biphosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate Which one of these molecules is not found in glycolysis? a) 1,3-biphosphoglycerate b)  phosphoenolpyruvate   c)  pyruvate  d)  oxaloacetate The major regulatory enzyme of glycolysis is: a) hexokinase b)  phosphofructokinase   c) aldolase  d)  triose isomerase NADH is produced at which step in glycolysis? a) conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-biphosphate  b)  cleavage of fructose-1,6-biphosphate…

Concerning the use of pyruvate when ratio of NADH/NAD+ is low, what is the fate of the carbon labeled in pyruvate when metabolized under these conditions? a) Production of glucose b) Oxidation to CO2 via the TCA cycle c) Conversion to pyruvate to generate oxaloacetate to move electrons to the cytosol via the malate shuttle d) Pyruvate is never metabolized by the cell, instead pyruvate is converted to lactate and solely exported for the Cori cycle and dependent on the liver to recycle the carbon skeleton

What two 3-carbon molecules are generated by the cleavage of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate?A) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerateB) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphateC) pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvateD) enolase and 2-phosphoglycerateE) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and pyruvate

Which of the following do cellular respiration and fermentation have in common? There might be more than one answer.  A) Both of these pathways provide a mechanism for oxidation of glucose B) The citric acid cycle is involved in both of these pathways C) Enzymes are involved in both of these pathways D)ATP synthase is required to complete both of these pathways E)Both of these pathways occur within mitochondria F) ATP is generated in both of these pathways .

Degradation of fats as an energy source involves all of the following excepta) β -oxidation.b) acetyl-CoA.c) glycerol.d) lipase.e) transamination.

1. In a catabolic pathway, metabolite X gets converted into metabolite Y, metabolite X 0 J mol-¹ and AG' is <0 J mol-¹ for this reaction. a) At standard states, is this reaction favorable? b) Is the reaction favorable or unfavorable at cellular condition? c) Is this an endergonic or exergonic reaction in the cell? d) Would you describe this as a thermodynamically downhill or uphill reaction in the cell?

The formation of acetyl CoA... A) occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, after moving across the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane. B) occurs in the cytoplasm prior to transport into the mitochondrial matrix. C) involves activation of acyl groups derived from pyruvate. D) A and C E) B and C

a) Using full chemical structures of substrates and products, draw the two possible pyruvate reduction pathways that regenerate NAD+ from NADH in the absence of oxygen gas. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved. b) Draw the step in glycolysis that requires at least one of the above pathways to be functional in the absence of oxygen. Give names of all compounds and enzymes involved.