The following is an intermediate formed during a FAS. The primer shown is condensed with 4 moles of malonyl-CoA. How many reduction steps took place (or how many equivalents of NADPH are needed) to make this intermediate?

The degradation of CH3 (CH₂ )10 - COOH via the beta-oxidation pathway requires: 6FAD + 6NAD+ + 5C0A-SH + 6H₂O 5FAD + 5NAD+ + 6C0A-SH+ 5H₂O 5FAD + 5NAD + 5C0A-SH + 5H₂0 6FAD + 6NAD+ + 6C0A-SH + 6H₂O

Enzyme 1 is Aconitase and the starting material goes through both the hydration and dehydration mechanism. I just need help with enzyme 2 and intermediate B, thank you

Order the cofactors based on their use in the mechanism of the a-etogluterate dehydrogenase complex. 1. Stabilizes a carbanion due to decarboxylation 2. Allows for the splitting of the carbon skeleton from the electron pair generated in a redox reaction 3. Enzyme bond electron carrier that is part of dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 4. Final electron acceptor in the overall reaction catalyzed by this complex 1 2 3 4 answer choices: lipoamide, biotin, 2 Fe - 2S cluster, TPP, NAD+, FAD

Lactate dehydrogenase is a tetramer of MW 134000 g/mole composed of subunits which are equal in size. It is found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Describe the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of lactate dehydrogenase.

Refer to Table to explain why FAD rather than NAD+ is used in the succinate dehydrogenase reaction.

10a) Outline the mechanism for the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA which is catalyzed by alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. b) Of the five steps involved with this process, which would most likely be metabolically irreversible under physiological conditions?

The enzymatic activity of PFK1 is generally measured by set- ting up a coupled enzyme assay system whereby aldolase, triose phos- phate isomerase, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase are added to the assay mixture. For the latter enzyme, NADH is added and its change in concentration is readily monitored at 340 nm. Write the chain of reactions catalyzed by these enzymes using structural formulas, label substrates and products, and explain why the coupled en- zyme assay system leads to oxidation of NADH. While the chain of reac- tions is similar to those in glycolysis, there is a critical difference because of the dehydrogenase enzyme. Describe how this enzyme causes the chain of reactions to differ from those in glycolysis.

[methyl-14C]Pyruvate was administered to isolated liver cells in the presence of sufficient malonate to block succinate dehydrogenase completely. After a time, isocitrate was isolated and found to contain label in both carbon 2 and carbon 5: How do you explain this result?

2-Bromopalmitoyl-CoA inhibits the oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA by isolatedmitochondria but has no effect on the oxidation of palmitoylcarnitine. What  is the most likely site of inhibition by 2-bromopalmitoyl-CoA?