Which of the following in not involved with stimulation of the hypothalamic thirst center?  a. Release of angiotensin II  b. Stimulation in response to a dry mouth and throat  c. Stimulation in response to decreased blood pressure  d. Stimulation in response to decreased plasma osmolality

Which of the following best describes the changes between dilute (osmolarity 50mOsm/Kg) andconcentrated urine (osmolarity 1200mOsm/Kg)? a. Concentrated urine has more water than NaCl moleculesb. Concentrated urine has less water than NaCl moleculesc. Dilute urine has more NaCl than water moleculesd. Dilute urine has less water than NaCl molecules

Part A Why is control over blood [Ca2+] and [Red Blood Cell] crucial? Choose one hormone involved in either of these homeostatic systems that regulate the concentration of these ions/cells and describe how it functions in homeostasis. Remember to include the name of the gland that secretes it.   Part B Choose one molecule that is reabsorbed by the nephron and describe the process by which it is reabsorbed.

Renal regulation of Na and K blood levels; Na+ levels are adjusted by changing amount —, while K+ levels are adjusted by changing amount — a. Na=secretion; K+ = secretion b. Na= reabsorption; K= secretion c. Na= reabsorption; K= reabsorption d. Na= secretion; K=reabsorption

Which of the following determines plasma ADH concentration? a. Plasma volume b. All of these c. Plasma pH d. Plasma osmolarity

1.What is the role of the renal system in regulating potassium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid [ECF]? a. Kidneys filter and excrete excess potassium ions into the urine. b. Kidneys respond to aldosterone by not excreting any potassium ions into the urine. c. Kidneys reabsorb all potassium ions into the urine. d. Kidneys excrete water molecules through aquaporins in the collecting duct.   2.Identify the cardiac dysrhythmia most associated with hypomagnesemia.

a pt has hyperthyroidism and his Na+/K+ ATpase pumps are working slower. Will this effect the transport of Na+? A. There will be a reduction in Na+ transport on the basolateral side of the tubule epithelial cell. B. there will be a reduction in Na+ transport in bowmans capsule epithelial cells C. there will be no change to Na+ transport D. there will be a reduction in ATP-dependent, Na+transport on the apical side of the tubule epithelial cells E. there will be a reduction of Na+ secretion on both sides of the tubule epithelial cells

With keto acidosis associated with diabetes, which factor is decreased?(select all that apply) a. Renal secretion of H+ b. Plasma H c. Plasma pH d. Blood volume e. HCO3-levels

All the following are expected to cause water-retention induced hyponatremia EXCEPT: O a. Renal failure. O b. Congestive cardiac failure (CCF). Oc. Cushing's syndrome. O d. SIAD

In pituitary diabetes insipidus, describe the renal handling of water and water balance in the patient in terms of frequency of thirst and urination.