which of the following do researchers not need to use during vector cloning? a. a plasmid containing selectable marker genes such as beta galactosidase or ampicillin resistance genes. b. restriction enzymes. c. DNA polymerase  d. a growth medium with carefully selected ingredients that take advantage of selectable markers.  e. none of the above.

DNA cloning refers to a. making cloned bacteria. b. making cloned sheep or other eukaryotic organisms. c. how they made all those clones of strom troopers in Star Wars universe. d. probably all of the above, but generally, methods of making exact copies of DNA. e. none of the above.

The current pandemic COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is caused by 2019-nCoV (2019 novel coronavirus). You just learned about the transmission rate hypothesis for the evolution of pathogen virulence and the power of natural selection. Which of the following statements may go through your mind?   - For individuals infected with a more virulent viral strain, each cough is likely to contain more virus particles when compared to individuals who are infected with a less virulent strain. Therefore, uninfected individuals will have a higher chance of being infected when encountering the droplets from individuals infected with a more virulent strain.   - However, individuals infected with a more virulent viral strain is likely to get sick sooner and show severer symptoms, thus will have less time being out and about when compared to individuals infected with a less virulent viral strain.   - If there is no public health measures on social distancing to prevent congregation,…

Sequencing a genome and identifying individual genes are processes typically carried out  - A. via manual transcription by a team of genetic scientists. B. by computers using high-throughput methods. C. by hand with a team of information scientists. D. using experimental processes.

Site-directed mutagenesis can be used to: a.   treat diseases by gene therapy.   b. make single residue mutation of a protein. c. make human insulin for treatment of diabetes. d. determine protein structures. e. determine DNA sequencing