Place the steps of sanger sequencing in order. A.  A fluorescent laser excites the fragments and records the wavelength consistent with a single nucleotide. B.  ddNTPs bind and stop chain extension. C.  DNA fragments are separated by size through a capillary tube. D.  DNA polymerase copies the target region of template DNA. E.  The final nucleotide of each fragment is labeled with a fluorescent tag.

Your colleague made the table below comparing DNA Polymerase to RNA Polymerases. Which row is incorrect/false? DNA Polymerase RNA Polymerase a. what is synthesized? DNA RNA b.what is the template? DNA DNA c. proofreading/ editing? d.is primer required? yes no yes yes row c row d row b row a

Consider the following DNA sample: 5' CCGAGAACTTA 3' Draw a gel showing the following: 1. Sanger sequencing (ddNTP's): a. Lane 1: A pre-made ladder with the following molecular weights: 2, 5, and 9 b.p. Draw and arrow and label each band for your ladder. b. Lane 2: PCR of sample using dGTP, dATP, dCTP, and dTTP c. Lane 3: PCR of sample using ddGTP, dATP, dCTP, and dTTP d. Lane 4: PCR of sample using dGTP, ddATP, dCTP, and dTTP e. Lane 5: PCR of sample using ddGTP, ddATP, ddCTP, and ddTTP

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Match term to definition Anneal Replication Translation Transcription a. Process of making a copy of DNA molecule B. Process of synthesizing proteins from an RNA template C. To allow base pairing between complementary single polynucleotide strands so double stranded segments form. D. Process of synthesizing rna using a dna template

Please answer the following question and explain Q1. If MacLeod and McCarty had accidentally contaminated their RNase enzyme with DNase, how would this have changed the conclusion that they made from their experiments? Pick the correct letter option A. They would have concluded that DNA is the only molecule required for genetic transformation. B. They would have concluded that DNA and protein are both required for genetic transformation. C. They would have concluded that RNA is the only molecule required for genetic transformation. D. They would have concluded that RNA and DNA are both required for genetic transformation. E. They would have concluded that proteins are the only molecules required for genetic transformation

Check all the statements that are TRUE regarding 16S or ITS (microbiome) illumina (NGS) sequencing vs. whole genome illumina (NGS) sequencing.    A. You don't need to trim the reads for 16S sequencing, but you do for whole genome sequencing.   B. Whole genome sequencing files will have more reads in them because genomes are bigger than 16S amplicons.   C. The read alignment and contig assembly steps would probably be harder for whole genome sequencing.   D. The 16S molecules being sequenced are always DNA, while for whole genome sequencing they could be RNA or DNA going into the illumina sequencer.   E. NGS for 16S and whole genome sequencing can both use sample indexes/barcodes to maximize efficiency.   F. Whole genome sequencing doesn't necessarily require you to know any of the sequences/targets before hand to design specific primers for.

Which of the following is TRUE with respect to electrophoresis? a. DNA is not attracted to either pole but in fact moves by diffusion through the TAE buffer in the agarose.  b. DNA can be attracted to either pole depending on the bases it is made of.  c. DNA is attracted to the negative pole.  d. DNA is attracted to the postive pole

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Explain why the precise length target DNA sequence doesn’t get amplified until the third cycle. You may need to use additional paper and a drawing to explain your answer.