Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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- Ingestion of complement-tagged pathogens by phagocytes is mediated by receptors for the bound complement proteins. Even when the complement cascade fails to proceed beyond generating the C3 convertase, complement activation is effective at inducing pathogen uptake and destruction. This process of immune protection is mediated by: Activation of complement inhibitory receptors on phagocytes that promote pathogen uptake Activation of soluble proteases in the serum that disrupt pathogen membranes Engagement of complement receptors on phagocytes by C3b and its cleavage products which promotes phagocytosis Engagement of complement receptors on B cells that promotes antibody production Stimulation of antimicrobial peptide secretion by phagocytesarrow_forwardDescribe several reasons why phagocytes are not alwayseffective at removing pathogens from the bodyarrow_forwardNCR- ILC3 make up one of the most frequent ILC subsets in the human peripheral blood, while NCR+ ILC3 are virtually absent in the circulation during homeostasis. Importantly, the healthy human intestine hosts dominantly NCR+ILC3, which have been shown to be essential in maintaining gut homeostasis. The signature cytokine of NCR+ ILC3 is IL-22. ILC3 in mice sense their environment and control gut defense as part of a glial-ILC3-epithelial cell unit orchestrated by neurotrophic factors. Enteric ILC3 express the neuroregulatory receptor RET. ILC3-autonomous Ret ablation led to decreased innate interleukin-22 (IL-22), impaired epithelial reactivity, dysbiosis and increased susceptibility to bowel inflammation and infection. Does this this complex neuro immune cross talk in the intestine account for the NCR ILC3 cells producing IL-22 while no such associations exist in the circulation where the ILC3 cells are NCR- and produce IL-17? maybe O yes O noarrow_forward
- 1.Label the following figure that shows the sequence of events by which cytotoxic T cells destroy virus-infected cells.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a TRUE statement regarding the effect of high doses of corticosteroids, such as dexamethasone, on the imnune system? O None of the statements apply Functions to inhibit IgG secretion from autoimmune B cells O Functions to specifically inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) to decrease pain and inflammation Functions to inhibit enzyme phospholipase A2, which causes lethal disruption of WBC function (WBC death) OFunctions to inhibit enzyme phospholipase A2, which decreases cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX-2) levelsarrow_forward1.27 Results of complementation tests of the six indepen- dent recessive mutations a-f are shown in the accompanying matrix, where + indicates comple- mentation and – indicates lack of complementa- tion. Classify the mutations into complementation groups, and write the names of the mutations in luenarrow_forward
- Based on the figure presented in attachment what is the most likely ligand for TLR-XX? Be as specific as possible, and justify your answer based on these data only. Thanksarrow_forwardActivation of which of the following do not cause phagocytosis to occur O Pattern Recognition Receptors O Fc Receptors O B-Cell Receptor T-Cell Receptorarrow_forward<What is the biomarker of Treg cell and is related to IL-2 receptors?> 1. CD4 2.CD19 3.CD25 4.FoxP3 5.GATA3 The answer is either 3 or 4. I think FoxP3 is more definitive marker of Treg, But CD25 is more relevant to IL-2receptor Can you choose 1 answer?arrow_forward
- This cell type is thought to initiate the demyelination associated with MS T cell Microglial cell Astrocyte Natural killer (NK) cell Oligodendrocyte Macrophage B cellarrow_forwardWhich of the following pathways would you expect to be inhibited by drugs that prevent import of proteins into the nucleus? multiple answers A. Hedgehog B. NK-kappaB C. TGF-Beta D. PI3K Kinase E. Raf/MEKarrow_forwardVulnerability to schizophrenia involving impaired myelin formation during brain development is associated with abnormal function of- B cells microglia OT cells mast cellsarrow_forward
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