Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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. When a virus mistakenly picks up a segment of host bacterial DNA, packages it into a viral particle, then transfers it to a new bacterial host cell, this transfer of DNA is properly called:
- transduction
- transformation
- conjugation
- transversion
- transition
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- Viruses are made up of the same biomolecules as cellular organisms (DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, etc.), which are synthesized through enzymatic dehydration reactions from building blocks and disassembled by enzymatic hydrolysis. They infect cells and replicate themselves using resources from the host cells. Scientists discovered a previously unknown strain of virus in the tropical Pacific Ocean and it can infect higher-order eukaryotes. Initial analysis revealed that the virus is mainly composed of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Chemical analysis after complete hydrolysis revealed the following building blocks (by weight): Chemical components Nucleosides Amino acids Lipids, phosphates, and carbohydrates Percentage by weight 20 30 50 Analysis of percentages of nucleosides yielded the following results (by molar ratio): Nucleosides A G T C U Percentage by mole 19 29 19 29 4 Which of the following events mostly involves hydrolysis reaction after the virus infects…arrow_forwardCategorize the following as being associated with transformation, conjugation, or transduction. Note that some items may be associated with more than one process. Transformation Conjugation Transduction requires a virus can transfer dead bacterium's DNA to a new host cell efficient way to get naked plasmid into E. coli cells in the lab involves a pilus describes type of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria cells need to be competent process exploitod by biotechnology transfer requires at least two living bacteria alters bacterial genomearrow_forwardEvaluate the paragraph below and drag the labels to complete the sentences that discuss antibiotic resistance gene locations?arrow_forward
- Replicate, transcribe and translate the DNA strand below. Be sure to label your 5’ and 3’ ends and the complementary and template strands.arrow_forwardWhich statement about plasmid is FALSE: Plasmid is nonessential DNA in the bacteria Plasmids replicate independent of the genome replication. Their size can vary from a few kilobases to a few hundred kilobases. They are all circular.arrow_forwardWhich enzyme is required for the movement in DNA-only transposons? Group of answer choices Reverse transcriptase and Integrase Reverse transcriptase and endonuclease Transposase Integrase Reverse transcriptase Endonucleasearrow_forward
- What is unique about the nature of the replication of the bacterial chromosome? Chromosome is bidirectional and has a fixed point of initiation Chromosome is unidirectional or reciprocal Chromosome is unidirectional and has a fixed point of initiation Chromosome is multirepliconic but not telomeric Chromosome is bidirectional or multirepliconicarrow_forwardExplain one other way beyond conjugation, transformation, and transduction to introduce new genes into cells.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast nucleotide excision repair and base excision repair. Diagram both very generally. Descriptions should have at least two sentences.arrow_forward
- Put these events in chronological order: Sigma factor binds to RNA polymerase. The double helix of DNA is unwound, breaking apart the complementary strands. Sigma factor binds to the promoter region. RNA synthesis begins. Sigma factor is released. > >arrow_forwardWhy do RNA viruses seem to have higher rates of mutation? Selected Answer: RNA nucleotides are less stable than DNA nucleotides. Answers: RNA viruses can incorporated a wide variety of non-standard nucleotides. Viruses are more sensitive to mutagens. Replication of their genomes does not involve proofreading. RNA nucleotides are less stable than DNA nucleotides.arrow_forwardWhy is E. coli not the best species to use in the lab for DNA cloning and manipulation experiments? (even though we have used this bacteria the most for this purpose!) It grows slowly It has too many chromosomes and plasmids It is not naturally transformable It grows at a very high temperature at which DNA is not stable How are the two strands of double stranded DNA held together Covalent bonds between phosphate groups Hydrogen bonding between bases van der Waal interactions Duct tape Which of the following is true about double stranded DNA One strand has two 5' ends and the other has two 3' ends The strands are identical and completely symmetric Each strand has a 5' end and a 3' end Double stranded DNA contains NO phosphate groups True or False. The PCR test for the coronavirus includes and extra step to convert RNA to DNA. True Falsearrow_forward
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