What would happen to regulation from a promoter undernegative control if the region where the regulatory proteinbinds was deleted? What if the promoter was under positivecontrol? Promoters from Escherichia coli under positivecontrol are not close matches to the promoter consensussequence for E. coli. Why?
Q: Lactose permease is encoded by the lacY gene of the lac operon.Suppose a mutation occurred at codon…
A: I believe this is nothing but missense mutation.
Q: The diagram below represents a hypothetical operon in the bacterium E. coli. The operon consists of…
A: Operon Operon is a place within the DNA which have several gene and all these genes are controlled…
Q: Imagine that you are studying the promoters of genes in E. coli. You notice that genes that are…
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Q: a. The original constitutive operator mutations in thelac operon were all base changes in o1. Why…
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A: BASIC INFORMATION TRANSCRIPTION it is responsible for the formation of hnRNA which has the codes…
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Q: One of the main lessons of this chapter is that severalbacterial genes are often transcribed from a…
A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
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Q: To characterize the promoter of the gadA operon you made a series of deletion mutants removing…
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What would happen to regulation from a promoter under
negative control if the region where the regulatory protein
binds was deleted? What if the promoter was under positive
control? Promoters from Escherichia coli under positive
control are not close matches to the promoter consensus
sequence for E. coli. Why?
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- The dlagram below represents the tryptophan operon with the trp leader MRNA transcript enlarged to represent the AUG transiation start codon, two consecutive tryptophan amino acld codons (UGGUGG), and 4 regions (1, 2, 3, and 4) that base pair to form different hairpin-loop structures in the MRNA leader region. What would happen in this MRNA leader region when cells encounter very low levels of tryptophan in Its environment? Leader region trpE trpD trpC trpB trpA DNA 5' 3' Transcription trp leader sequence mRNA UGGUGG (tryptophan codons) AUG UUUUUU 1 3 4. The translating ribosome would stall at the two tryptophan codons, causing the formation of a hairpin-loop botween regions 3 and 4 to promote transcription of the trp operon. The translating ribosome would stall at the two tryptophan codons causing formation of hairpin-loop between regions 2 and 3, which functions as an anti-lerminator of transcription The translating ribosome would stall at the two tryptophan codons causing formation…To characterize the promoter of the gadA operon you made a series of deletion mutants removing pieces of the promoter to see what would happen. The results are found below: gad promoter gada gadX gadz 450 +1 lacz activity transcription start site pH 2.0 pH 7.0 A gad promoter beta-galactosidase (lacZ) +++ 450 gad promoter beta galactosidase (lacZ) +++ +++ 300 +1 gad promoter beta galactosidase (lacZ) 150 D gad beta galactosidase (lacz) -450 150 E gad promoter beta-galactosidase (lacZ) -450 -300 Based on these results, what can you conclude about the gad promoter? O a. The promoter is only regulated by repression Ob. The promoter is regulated by a mix of activation and repression O c. The promoter is only regulated by activation O d. The promoter has multiple operators and multiple enhancersSome prion-related diseases, such as familial fatal insomnia, areinherited. How would you expect the mutation has altered the PrPgene in this case? Would it have affected the promoter, the regulatorysequences, or the coding sequence of the PrP gene?
- The diagram below represents a hypothetical operon in the bacterium E. coli. The operon consists of two structural genes (A and B), which code for the enzymes “Aase" and "Base", respectively, and also includes P (promoter) and O (operator) regions as shown. A В When a certain compound (X) is added to the growth medium of E. coli, the separate enzymes "Aase" and "Base" are both synthesized at a 50-fold higher rate than in the absence of X. (X has a molecular weight of about 200.) Which of the following statements is true of the operon described above? The region of the A gene that codes for the carboxyl-terminal amino acid of “Aase" is near the left end of the A gene. The P region contains nucleotide sequences to which the RNA polymerase holoenzyme (including the o subunit) binds specifically but which the core enzyme does not recognize. The addition of X to the growth medium causes a repressor protein to bind tightly to the O region. The mRNA copied from this operon will be covalently…INTERPRET DATA Develop a simple hypothesis that would explain the behavior of each of the following types of mutants in E. coli. Mutant a: The map position of this mutation is in the trp operon. The mutant cells are constitutive; that is, they produce all the enzymes coded for by the trp operon, even if large amounts of tryptophan are present in the growth medium. Mutant b: The map position of this mutation is in the trp operon. The mutant cells do not produce any enzymes coded for by the trp operon under any conditions. Mutant c: The map position of this mutation is some distance from the trp operon. The mutant cells are constitutive; that is, they produce all the enzymes coded for by the trp operon, even if the growth medium contains large amounts of tryptophan.Bacterial DNA containing an operon encoding three enzymes is introduced into chromosomal DNA in yeast (a eukaryote) in such a way that it is properly flanked by a promoter and a transcriptional terminator. The bacterial DNA is transcribed and the RNA correctly processed, but only the protein nearest the promoter is produced. Can you suggest why?
- The diagram below represents the tryptophan operon with the trp leader mRNA transcript enlarged to represent the AUG translation start codon, two consecutive tryptophan amino acid codons (UGGUGG), and 4 regions (1, 2, 3, and 4) that base pair to form different hairpin-loop structures in the mRNA leader region. Suppose a mutant bacteria has region 3 of the trp operon attenuator region mutated so that it cannot base pair normally. Would the bacteria grow in the absence of the amino acid tryptophan? (hint: in order for bacteria to grow in absence of tryptophan it should be able to synthesize its own tryptophan) Leader region trpE trpD trpC trpB trpA DNA 5' 3' Transcription trp leader sequence MRNA AUG UGGUGG UUUUUU 1 2 3 (tryptophan codons) There is insufficient information to answer the question. Yes No O OThe diagram below represents the tryptophan operon with the trp leader mRNA transcript enlarged to represent the AUG translation start codon, two consecutive tryptophan amino acid codons (UGGUGG), and 4 regions (1, 2, 3, and 4) that base pair to form different hairpin-loop structures in the MRNA leader region. Suppose a mutant bacteria has region 4 of the trp operon attenuator region mutated so that it cannot base pair normally. Would the bacteria grow in the absence of the amino acid tryptophan? (hint: in order for bacteria to grow in absence of tryptophan it should be able to synthesize its own tryptophan) Lead&r region trpE trpD trpC trpB trpA DNA 5' 3' Transcription trp leader sequence MRNA UGGUGG 1 (tryptophan codons) AUG UUUUUU No There is insutficient information to answer the question. O YesMutations in bacterial promoters may increase or decrease therate of gene transcription. Promoter mutations that increasetranscription are termed up-promoter mutations, and those thatdecrease transcription are termed down-promoter mutations.The sequence of the −10 site of the promoter for the lac operonis TATGTT (see Figure 14.5). Would you expect each of thefollowing mutations to be an up-promoter or down-promotermutation?A. TATGTT to TATATTB. TATGTT to TTTGTTC. TATGTT to TATGAT
- . In an effort to determine the location of an operator sitefor a negatively regulated gene, you have made a seriesof deletions within the regulatory region. The extent ofeach deletion is shown by the line underneath the sequence, and the resulting expression from the operon(i = inducible; c = constitutive; − = no expression) isalso indicated.... GGAT C T T AGCCGGCTAACATGATAAATATAA......C C T AGAATCGGCCGA TTGTA C T A TTT ATAT T ...1 i2 –3 c4 –5 ca. What can you conclude from these data about thelocation of the operator site?b. Why do you think deletions 2 and 4 show no expression of the gene?In the lac operon (below), how will expression of the genes lacZ and lacy be effect by a mutation in the repressor protein (encoded by lach) that prevents it from binding the operator sequence (lacO) in the absence of lactose? Explain the answerWhy trp operon has a higher level of expression than live operon in bacteria grown on nutrient-poor agar plates? Explain with clear reasoning