Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (MindTap Course List)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781305117396
Author: Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Many promoter regions contain CAAT boxes containing consensus
sequences CAAT or CCAAT approximately 70 to 80 bases
upstream from the transcription start site. How might one determine
the influence of CAAT boxes on the transcription rate of a
given gene?
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- Transcriptional regulators are proteins that bind to promoters (the 5-flanking regions of genes) to regulate their transcription. Assume that a particular transcription regulator normally promotes transcription of gene X, a transport protein. If a mutation makes this regulator gene nonfunctional, would the resulting phenotype be similar to a mutation in gene X itself? Why or why not?arrow_forwardConsequences of the Wobble Hypothesis Point out why Cricks wobble hypothesis would allow fewer than 61 anticodons to be used to translate the 61 sense codons. How might wobble tend to accelerate the rate of translation?arrow_forwardThe Events in Transcription Initiation Describe the sequence of events involved in the initiation of transcription by E. coil RNA polymerase. Include in your description those features a gene must have for proper recognition and transcription by RNA poIymerase.arrow_forward
- Is an entire chromosome made into an mRNA during transcription?arrow_forwardThe following is a portion of a protein: met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-pro-thr-Various mutant forms of this protein have been recovered. Using the normal and mutant sequences, determine the DNA and mRNA sequences that code for this portion of the protein, and explain each of the mutations. a. met-trp- b. met-cys-ile-val-val-leu-gln- c. met-trp-tyr-arg-ser-pro-thr- d. met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-ala-val-ile-ser-pro-thr-arrow_forwardIS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to occur in more than 95% of multi-exon genes. Which of the following is not an evolutionary advantage of alternative splicing? Alternative splicing increases diversity without increasing genome size Different gene isoforms can be expressed in different tissues Alternative splicing creates shorter mRNA transcripts Different gene isoforms can be expressed during different stages of development.arrow_forward
- The pre-mRNA transcript and protein made by several mutant genes were examined. The results are given below. Determine where in the gene a likely mutation lies: the promoter region, exon, intron, cap on mRNA, or ribosome binding site. a. normal-length transcript, normal-length nonfunctional protein b. normal-length transcript, no protein made c. normal-length transcript, normal-length mRNA, short nonfunctional protein d. normal-length transcript, longer mRNA, shorter nonfunctional protein e. transcript never madearrow_forwardGiven the following tRNA anticodon sequence, derive the mRNA and the DNA template strand. Also, write out the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by this message. tRNA: UAC UCU CGA GGC mRNA: protein: How many hydrogen bonds would be present in the DNA segment?arrow_forwardThrough alternative splicing, eukaryotes (a) reinforce gene inactivation (b) prevent transcription of heterochromatin (c) produce related but different proteins in different tissues (d) amplify genes to meet the requirement of high levels of a gene product (e) bind transcription factors to enhancers to activate transcriptionarrow_forward
- Post-transcriptional Modification of Eukaryotic mRNAs What might be the advantages of capping, methylation, and polyadenylylation of eukaryotic mRNAs?arrow_forwardIf the coding region of a gene (the exons) contains 2,100 base pairs of DNA, would a missense mutation cause a protein to be shorter, longer, or the same length as the normal 700 amino acid proteins? What would be the effect of a nonsense mutation? A sense mutation?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are typically removed from pre-mRNA during nuclear processing in eukaryotes? (a) upstream leader sequences (b) poly-A tail (c) introns (d) exons (e) all the precedingarrow_forward
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