You are given a suspension of purified mitochondria that are known to have adequate reserves of NAD+, FAD, and ADP/inorganic phosphate. Assume that the mitochondrial preparation you are working with is free of cytosolic components (enzymes and metabolites) and assume that all the compounds listed below can cross both mitochondrial membranes, When glucose is added to this suspension: a. What is the effect on oxygen consumption by the purified mitochondria? b. Explain your answer above. When citrate is added to this suspension: c. What is the effect on oxygen consumption by the purified mitochondria? d. Explain your answer above.

Q: What are some of the difficulties in determining the exact number of protons pumped across the inner…

A: Mitochondria have two primary membranes, as discussed above. With a little intermembrane space in…

Q: Amytal is a barbiturate sedative that inhibits electron flow through Complex I. How would the…

A: Glucose is catabolized to form pyruvate via glycolysis. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to form…

Q: In the common electron transport pathway, electrons move from reduced nicotinamide adenine…

A:

Q: Mutations that prevent Bax and Bak from interacting with the outer mitochondrial membrane would…

A: Bax and Bak are Bcl 2 associated proteins which are heterodimeric in nature .

Q: Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes…

A: The structure is called a lipid bi-layer because it is composed of two layers of fat cells organized…

Q: On what basis can one conclude that the enzyme deficiency is associated with the electron transfer…

A: The electron transfer chain (ETC) is a process which takes place in the mitochondria, the powerhouse…

Q: What are some of the difficulties in determining the exact number of protons pumped across the inner…

A: Electron transfer and phosphorylation is the series of intermediate carriers that transfer an…

Q: Name and briefly describe two conditions that can arise from defects in the human mitochondrial…

A: Introduction :- Mitochondria is the double membrane bound cell organelle , present in the eukaryotic…

Q: You are growing human muscles cells in the lab and you are trying to test how well the cells survive…

A: The muscles with alternate light and dark bands which remain associated with skeleton and can…

Q: Considering that 22.4 kJ/mole is required to transport 1 H+ across the mitochondrial membrane, how…

A:

Q: Which of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a.The continuous pumping of hydrogen ions…

A: Electron transport chain is a series of reactions that take place in the inner membrane of…

Q: a) Make a theoretical calculation of how many ATP molecules can be formed from the breakdown of a…

A: TCA cycle of Kreb's cycle is the bio-chemical cycle that is one of the key components of aerobic…

Q: For each of the following experiments, tell me whether you would expect the rate of O₂ consumption…

A: Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which ATP is synthesized and is also coupled to the…

Q: The proton-motive force is a measure of the potential energy generated across the mitochondrial…

A: The electron transport chain (ETC) is a chain of electron carriers present in the inner…

Q: b) Place a 'Yes' or a 'No' in the appropriate boxes that correspond to each listed feature of…

A: Cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which cells obtain energy from the breakdown of…

Q: Experiment # Growth Condition plus 0₂ minus 0₂ plus O2, plus cyanide* 1 2 3 cyanide stops the…

A: Cellular respiration is a multistep metabolic pathway involving the metabolism of glucose in the…

Q: What is the role of aconitase in the TCA? One of the functions of the cytosolic isozyme is similar…

A: Isozymes are enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction.…

Q: Choose the correct answer from the options in brackets. The [positive/negative] standard…

A: Biological oxidation-reduction reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one biomolecule,…

Q: What are some of the difficulties in extracting respiratory complexes from the inner mitochondrial…

A: Mitochondria: The inner and outer mitochondrial membranes divide the mitochondria from the…

Q: The catalytic mechanism of an enzyme found in the mitochondrial matrix (pH = 7.8) depends on an…

A: Enzymes are high molecular-weight protein molecules that catalyse biochemical reactions. The…

Q: It is estimated that each electron pair donated by NADH leads to the synthesis of approximately…

A: The difference in ATP output between electrons provided by NADH and FADH2 is due mostly to the…

Q: 1. Cyanide, oligomycin, and 2,4-dinitrophenol are all inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation in…

A: ETC consists of four protein complexes called Complex I,  II, III and  IV that transport electrons…

Q: The phosphorylation and oxidative decarboxylation of oxaloacetate by inorganic phosphate (Pi) to…

A: In biochemical processes, the energetics of reactions play a crucial role in determining their…

Q: Leghemoglobin is a globin protein found in the roots of Legume plants inoculated with Nitrogen…

A: Legemoglobin is an oxygen carrier which is found in leguminous plants. This has structural and…

Q: Given the following question, for each of the three reactions catalyzed by NADH dehydrogenase…

A: The mitochondrial respiratory chain or electron transport chain is a biological oxidation process in…

Q: Which of the following is TRUE about cytochrome c protein? O As a part of the ETC chain, it changes…

A: Cytochrome c is a protein that is present on the mitochondrial intermembrane. It shuttles electrons…

Q: What is the source of Coenzyme A in mitochondria? Is there any manufacturing of Coenzyme A in the…

A: Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles that generate most of the chemical energy needed to…

Q: Citrate and isocitrate are interconverted via the enzyme aconitase: The standard free energy change…

A: Citrate is a form of tertiary alcohol whose breakdown is difficult, as forming the ketone would…

Q: of

A:

Q: 1) Trypanosomes living in the bloodstream obtain all their energy from glycolysis. They take up…

A: Trypanosomes are unicellular parasitic protozoa that belong to the genus Trypanosoma. They are…

Q: Consider the malate dehydrogenase reaction, part of tricarboxylic acid cycle, shown below. malate +…

A: First will put all the values we have Malate = 0.5mM Oxalate= 0.1μM H+ = ? ∆Go = 29.7 KJ/mol NAD+ =…

Q: In the early days of “mitochondriology,” P/O ratios were determined from measurements of volume of…

A: The P/O ratio is considered the Phosphate/Oxygen ratio that refers to the amount of ATP produced…

Q: Complex II contains one heme b moiety that is not in the direct path of electron transfer. It may…

A: Reactive oxygen species ROS are the free radicals that are deficient in electrons Excess in ROS…

Q: Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) in the inner mitochondrialmembrane catalyzes the…

A: The nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) is an enzyme which catalyzes the redox reaction…

Q: You discover a cell that uses Cu*2 as the final electron acceptor in mitochondrial electron…

A: The electron transport chain is an array of protein complexes to transport electrons from electron…

Q: What is the experimental evidence that mitochondria can change conformation during respiration?

A: The mitochondria change conformation during respiration. There is experimental evidence that shows…

Q: When rotenone is added to actively respiring bovine mitochondria, the ratio of NADH to NAD+…

A: The site-specific inhibitors of ETC bind to the components of ETC and block the transport of…

Q: The NADH that is produced by glycolysis is not able to pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane…

A: In the process of oxidative phosphorylation, oxygen is consumed as electrons are transported along…

Q: Cyanide is a rapidly acting, potentially deadly chemical that can exist in various forms. If…

A: Cyanide poisoning that results from exposure to any of the number of forms of cyanide. Toxic cyanide…

Q: Why is the measure of the rate of oxygen consumption a means of determining mitochondrial activity?

A: Cells need oxygen to carry out the various metabolic activities. They are collectively called…