Make a rough drawing of the four complexes in the Electron Transport Chain. Labeleach side of the mitochondrial membrane and show the direction and number ofprotons pumped at each site.

The electron transport chain is the process by which the reducing equivalents are oxidized. The…

Answered: Make a rough drawing of the four…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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For the electron transport chain, draw the structure of the intermediate metabolite and write the name of the enzyme that catalyzes each step.
The four complexes of the electron transport chain use the energy of electrons stored in reducing agents to create a concentration gradient of protons (H*) across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Give the number of protons pumped into the intermembrane space by each of the four complexes: complex I: complex II: complex III: complex IV:
The proton-motive force is a measure of the potential energy generated across the mitochondrial inner membrane during electron transport. Explain the factors that constitute this potential energy, that will be converted to the chemical energy of ATP by the cell
What uncharged substrate molecule is reduced to 2 molecules of water, in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, by the addition of exactly 2 protons and 2 electrons to this molecule (by complex IV)? one molecule of diatomic oxygen gas one molecule of the superoxide free radical one molecule of hydrogen peroxide one molecule of the hydroxyl free radical one molecule of the hydroxide ion
What important enzyme is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane other than those of the electron-transportchain? Explain how its function depends on the electrontransport chain.
Which among the 20 standard amino acids has more than one chiral carbon? Draw its structure and indicate with asterisk the second chiral carbon. Is it polar or non-polar? Is it essential or non-essential?
Explain how energy stored in pyruvate is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in eukaryotic cells.
Please describe the function of the Electron Transport Chain.
Fill in the bold using the table. Because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to L, when there is an excess of mitochondrial L, it converts to M using a TCA condensation reaction, M crosses to the cytosol using a designated transport system. In the cytosol, M reconverts to L and oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is subsequently converted to malate with simultaneous production of N, a prerequisite cofactor for the glycolysis pathway. This reaction is then followed by conversion of N to pyruvate which produces O, a prerequisite cofactor for the fatty acid synthesis pathway. L M N O A. ATP pyruvate malate NADPH B. ATP citrate ATP NAD+ C. acetyl CoA pyruvate NAD+ NADH D. acetyl CoA citrate NAD+ NADPH E. glucose pyruvate malate NADP+
ATP is synthesized from ADP, P, and a proton on the matrix side of the in- ner mitochondrial membrane. We will refer to the matrix side as the "inside" of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). (a) H* transport from the outside of the IMM into the matrix drives this process. The pH inside the matrix is 8.2, and the outside is more acidic by 0.8 pH units. Assuming the IMM membrane potential is 168 mV (inside negative), calculate AG for the transport of 1 mol of H* across the IMM into the matrix at 37 °C: Houtside) Hinside) (b) Assume three mol H* must be translocated to synthesize one mol ATP by coupling of the following reactions: ADP + P, + Hinskde) ATP + H,O(ATP synthesis) 3Hinside)(proton transport) 3Houtside)
Describe the involvements of the followings in the electron transport centre in the inner mitochondrial membrane.(a). Rieske center(b). Ubiquinone(c). Protons
Calcium is an important regulator of the citric acid cycle. Calcium is transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane by a Ca²- 2+ uniporter that is driven by the negative potential inside the matrix. Part A Assuming a membrane potential across the inner membrane of 172 mV (inside negative), calculate the ratio of the [Ca2+] in the matrix to that in the cytoplasm ([Ca2+]m/[Ca²+]c) that would exist at equilibrium (i.e., AG = 0). Express your answer using two significant figures. [Ca2+]m [Ca2+] = ΤΟ ΑΣΦ Submit Request Answer Part B ? Cytoplasmic [Ca2+] is on the order of 10-7 M in a healthy cell. Based on your answer in Part A, calculate the [Ca2+] that would exist in the matrix at equilibrium. Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units. ☐ μÅ ? Value Units

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Make a rough drawing of the four complexes in the Electron Transport Chain. Label each side of the mitochondrial membrane and show the direction and number of protons pumped at each site.