In chloroplasts, a greater pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane is required to power the synthesis of ATP than is required across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Explain this difference.

Q: 12. Use Figure 4 for questions a-c below. ATP synthase matrix intermembrane space. Figure 4: Sketch…

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Q: To determine: How chloroplasts generate a larger proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane than…

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Q: Per NADH consumed by Complex I, indicate the number for each, AS those reducing equivalents flow…

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Q: What would be the effect on ATP production of decreasing the pH inside the mitochondrial matrix?…

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Q: Only some plant cells have chloroplasts, but all actively metabolizing plant cells have…

A: Introduction   A cell is the basic unit of all organisms be it unicellular, multicellular,…

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Q: The above product water molecules are generated in which eukaryotic cell compartment?

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A: Pentose phosphate pathways or PPP: It is a metabolic pathway for glucose-6-phosphate metabolization.…

Q: Unlike mitochondria, chloroplasts do not have a transporter that allows them to export ATP to the…

A: Metabolic activities in plants.

Q: The thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast has features similar to the mitochondrial inner membrane.…

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A: Various processes are utilized in carrying out various biochemical processes.

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Q: What type of ATPase would be found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast?

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Q: Describe two different ways in which ATP is generated in cellular respiration.

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Q: Explain why an intact, impermeable mitochondrial membrane is essential forATP synthesis.

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Q: A larger proton gradient is required to forma single ATP in chloroplasts than in mitochondria.…

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Q: Describe some similarities between the electron transportchains in chloroplasts and in mitochondria.

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Q: Explain the organization of electron carriers in mitochondrial membrane.

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Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.