What is the purpose of including a PCR reaction with no added DNA? Isn’t this just a waste of expensive enzyme when we know that without template, you will not get any PCR products?

You want to set up 50 µl total volume of a PCR reaction. You have a microfuge tube of Taq polymerase (5 units/ul), and each PCR reaction requires a final of 10 units of Taq polymerase. You have a microfuge tube of Taq Buffer (5X), and each PCR reaction requires a final of 1X Taq Buffer. How much of Taq polymerase and Taq buffer would you add? Select all that apply 10 ul of Taq buffer 2 ul of Taq polymerase 5 ul of Taq buffer 5 ul of Taq polymerase

What is expected theoretical number of copies of DNA molecules after 28 cycles in a PCR experiment? What is the percent efficiency of the PCR experiment if the actual number of copies was 500,000,000? Show your calculations

PCR is an exponential copying of the template strands and can be represented by the function: y = a * 2n, where a is the initial number of template copies and n is equal to the number of cycles PCR has gone through.  How many DNA fragments would be produced after: 15 cycles? 13 cycles with 13 starting template strands? 29 cycles with 32 starting template strands?

Choose the correct statements from the list below. There may be more than one correct statement. A) If you start with 2 DNA templates, after four rounds of PCR you'll have 32 copies B) PCR is useful in making millions or billions of copies of a gene so that it is present in a quantity large enough to study C) quantitative PCR is very similar to PCR, but fluorescent probes are added so that we can measure how much PCR product exists by examining how much the reaction fluoresces D) In real-time reverse transcriptase PCR, the RNA is used as a template to make a cDNA copy (through reverse transcriptase)

The idea behind PCR-based diagnostics is that a very small number of microbial genomes in a patient sample can be multiplied by PCR and more easily detected by the clinical team managing the patient’s care. Also, genetic-based diagnostics are very useful for viral infections because we don’t have biochemical tests, etc. to distinguish one virus from another (remember, viruses are metabolically inactive). However, a lot of work goes into the development of these tests. For instance, PCR requires primers that are complementary to the viral genome that is being copied. If primers are complementary to the target genome, what must scientists know to design primers that bind to the viral genome to be copied? (I mean this to be a general question; don’t look up the details of designing primers)

The temperature at which the primers and target DNA hybridize may be changed to influence the stringency of PCR amplification. What effect will changing the hybridization temperature have on the amplification? Let's say you have a certain yeast gene A and want to check whether it has a human equivalent. How might managing the hybridization's rigor benefit you?

In pcr experiment, Does electrophoresis show that only DNA products of the desired size are present?  If not, what do you think is the reason?

Running a PCR Why is a Hotstart necessary and how is it achieved? Why are the three temperatures necessary for PCR? Explain the role of each. Why does the lid of the thermocycler need to be heated? Why did we conduct an amplification reaction with no DNA? When looking at your PCR results why do you only see one band? What size were each of your PCR products?

In a PCR reaction to amply a particular gene, 120 copy of the gene were initially used as DNA templates (this is the Nō). Theoretically, how many copies of this particular gene can be obtained after 25 PCR cycles? 4.03 × 10⁹ 2.01 × 10⁹ 1.02 × 10⁹ O 6.04 × 10⁹