What is one way that CD8+- cells are activated? A. by binding to a processed antigen on an MCH II protein located on a dendritic cell B. By interacting with a free floating antigen C. By binding to an antibody and secreting cytokines D. Th cells can produce cytokines to help activate CD8+- cells E. By phagocytosis of a bacteria

What is the function of tapasin? Select one: a. Tapasin is an antagonist of HLA-DM and causes more significant increases in MHC class I than MHC class II on the cell surface. b. Tapasin is a lectin that binds to sugar residues on MHC class I molecules, T-cell receptors, and immunoglobulins and retains them in the ER until their subunits have adopted the correct conformation. c. Tapasin is a thiol-reductase that protects the disulfide bonds of MHC class I molecules. d. Tapasin participates in peptide editing by trimming the amino terminus of peptides to ensure that the fit between peptide and MHC class II molecules is appropriate. e. Tapasin is a bridging protein that binds to both TAP and MHC class I molecules and facilitates the selection of peptides that bind tightly to MHC class I molecules.

Complexes of IgG bound to soluble multivalent antigens can activate the classical pathway on the complex, targeting it for of complement, resulting in the deposition of endocytic uptake by cells bearing. Select one: a. C4b; CR2 and Fc receptors b. c. C5-9; CR1 and Fc receptors d. C3b; CR1 and Fc receptors e. C2a; CR2 and Toll-like receptors C3b; CR2 and Toll-like receptors

How may B cells be activated? Select all that apply. Select one or more: a. Crosslinking of BCRS and binding of B-cell co-receptor to C3d. b. Recognition of MHC II and epitope on B-cell with TCR of TFH cell. c. Binding of CR2 to iC3b. d. Binding of B-cell to antigen displayed on FDC.

Considering the mechanisms of innate immunity, which of the following pairs is accurately matched? Select one: a. Neutrophils – increase in number in response to bacterial infections b. Complement – slow the spread of viral infections c. Interferons – assist antibodies in the destruction of pathogens d. Eosinophil – recognize abnormal cells, such as cancer cells

If a T-cell receptor on a double-positive thymocyte binds to a self-peptide:self-MHC class I complex with low affinity the result is a. negative selection and apoptosis b. cell proliferation c. rearrangement of the second β-chain locus d. positive selection of a CD4 T cell e. positive selection of a CD8 T cell.

In organ transplantation, minor histocompatibility antigens Select one: A. can trigger hyperacute graft rejection. B. are ABO blood group antigens. C. can be detected by cross matching. D. are MHC-bound peptides that differ between donors and recipients as a result of genetic polymorphisms. E. should be identical between donors and recipients.

Inhibitory receptors on lymphocytes down-regulate immune responses by recruiting protein or lipid phosphatases.BCR signaling on B cells is initiated by antigen binding, leading to mTOR activation. This occurs, for instance, when the antigen is a live microbe that binds to the BCR on the B cells. Which one of the forms of antigen shown below the graph would correctly account for the data shown in the figure?

Memory T cells _____. (Select all that apply.) a. must all be activated in secondary lymphoid organs b. do not require co-stimulation through CD28 c. are composed only of CD4 T cells d. do not undergo somatic hypermutation e. are usually short-lived f. do not undergo isotype switching.

1. Review the following link (don't get caught up in details) to determine if our immune cells use paracrine signaling during immune response? https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/immune-cells 2. Determine if histamine which is released during allergy is an example of paracrine signaling or not? https://www.hoffmancentre.com/mast-cell-activation-syndrome-histamine- immune-system-runs-rampant/