What are the three names for the
In the eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. The proton gradient due to the electron transport chain is created across the inner mitochondrial membrane and this gradient is utilized for the production of ATP.
In prokaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle is performed in the cytosol. The proton gradient due to the electron transport chain is created across the plasma membrane and this gradient is utilized for the production of ATP.
Step by stepSolved in 2 steps
- How does each of the following regulate citric acid cycle?(a) High levels of Succinyl-CoA(b) High levels of ADP(c) High levels of NADHarrow_forwardHow does the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction control the citric acid cycle?arrow_forwardhow many net ATP molecules does the citric acid cycle generate in total? Consider both ATP generated directly by the citric acid cycle and ATP generated downstream in oxidative phosphorylation using other molecuies generated by the citric acid cycle For your answer, consider ATP and GTP to be equivalent A) 32 B) 20 C) 2 D) 10 E) 1arrow_forward
- How many Carbon atoms are fully oxidized during each turn of the citric acid cycle?arrow_forwardHow many cycles of "citric acid cycle" are necessary to reveal the "C" that come from acetyl-CoA that take place in the first cycle known as "CO2"?arrow_forwardWhy is it reasonable for excess NADH to negatively regulate the citric acid cycle?arrow_forward
- When proteins are digested for fuel, they are first broken down into their amino acid components. Amino acids can be further oxidized to generate useful energy for the cell. For example, when one molecule of the amino acid tryptophan is oxidized, one pyruvate molecule and one acetyl CoA molecule are generated. One NADH molecule is also generated during the oxidation of tryptophan into one pyruvate molecule and one acetyl CoA molecule. Below is the general reaction described in the prompt: 1 tryptophan --> 1 pyruvate + 1 acetyl CoA + 1 NADHarrow_forwardIn oxidative phosphorylation, how many molecules of ATP are produced per molecule of NADH in the mitochondrion?arrow_forwardIf oxidation of acetyl-CoA yields 10 ATPs per mole through the citric acidcycle, how many ATPs will be derived from the complete metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of alanine in a mammal? Would the corresponding energyyield in a fish be higher or lower? Why? How much energy would bederived from the metabolic oxidation of 1 mole of isoleucine to CO2, H2O,and NH3? Of tyrosine?arrow_forward
- Regarding cellular metabolism, mark the true statements: (a). Electrons from the oxidation of glycolysis are transferred to O2 in the TCA cycle (b).Flow in the citric acid cycle increases when the intracellular ratio [NADH/NAD+] is high (c).In microbial cells, the glyoxylate pathway indirectly allows the conversion of fatty acids into glucose (d).Anaplerotic reactions are enzymatic reactions whose kinetics do not follow the Michaelis-Menten model. (e).Gluconeogenesis is the pathway of glucose production from different precursors, such as glycerol, some amino acids and lactatearrow_forwardWhat one carbon waste product of cellular respiration is formed as the 3 carbon product of glycolysis enters the mitochondria and becomes a 2 carbon Acetyl CoA?arrow_forwardExplain why pyruvate does not enter the mitochondrion in the absence of oxygen?arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781319114671Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.Publisher:W. H. FreemanLehninger Principles of BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781464126116Author:David L. Nelson, Michael M. CoxPublisher:W. H. FreemanFundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul...BiochemistryISBN:9781118918401Author:Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. PrattPublisher:WILEY
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage LearningBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...BiochemistryISBN:9780134015187Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. PetersonPublisher:PEARSON