What are the best methods for isolation of plasma membrane (PM) proteins from mammalian cells?

Q: Transferring of the protein bands from the SDS-PAGE gel to the PDVF membrane can be troublesome and…

A: Western blot: The technique is used for detecting specific proteins separated by electrophoresis by…

Q: What could be an example of in vitro experiment to identify cytoskeleton accessory proteins?

A: Cytoskeleton is the part of a cell which provides structural support to the cell and plays roles in…

Q: What are the three general steps involved in the isolation of proteins? Discuss or briefly describe…

A: Proteins are biomolecules made up of one or more long chains of amino acids. Proteins catalyze…

Q: What both in vitro and in vivo undergo dynamic instability, and this type of assembly is thought to…

A: Microtubules are structures composed of tubulin protein.

Q: Why would a a pure protein screening approach be used to discover a small molecule inhibitor of a…

A: INTRODUCTION A small molecule screen is a procedure in which small molecules (typically organic…

Q: A peripheral protein, which is not integral to the cell membrane, is also called: a multi-pass…

A: Peripheral membrane proteins are membrane proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological…

Q: What genes maintain the pluripotency of PGCs before migration? What will promote their conversion…

A: PGCs or primordial germ cells are the precursors of gametes and are the first lineage of cells,…

Q: What role do genes, RNA, and protein synthesis play in molecular microbiology?

A: In the molecular biology the DNA, RNA and proteins are very important that determine the structure…

Q: Describe how an electrophoretic mobility shift assay is used to determine if a protein binds to DNA…

A: An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) is a common affinity electrophoresis technique used…

Q: What functional information about a genome can be determined through applications of chromatin…

A: Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)  is a type of technique based on immunoprecipitation and is…

Q: Is there any particular location, where FM dyes bind to the plasma membrane?

A: FM dyes are fluorescent dyes that are utilized for the study of vesicle recycling. These dyes are…

Q: The following images represent confocal images of cells with full-length Mira protein (Mira 1-830),…

A: Confocal microscopy is a technique of optical imaging that is used to increase the contrast and…

Q: How do you think the end results would be affected if the cells were not treated with a hypotonic…

A: Answer- Osmolarity of the cell changes according to the medium in which it is present in and their…

Q: As part of a large scale study you are interested in determining the levels of Tubulin protein in…

A: Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique that is used to separate the molecules in an electric…

Q: What processes considered in this chapter make the proteome more complex than the genome? What…

A: The structure lying in the nucleus in the eukaryotes and in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes carrying…

Q: Design a diagnostic test kit based on bio-sensor principles, for COVID-19. (Specify the main…

A: Introduction :- Covid-19 is a very contagious infection ( disease) caused by the SARS-CoV-2. It…

Q: ec61 is a protein involved in the formation of the translocon for ER-targeted proteins. What would…

A: The protein translocon is found within the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of nucleated…

Q: As part of a large scale study you are interested in determining the levels of Tubulin protein in…

A: In gel electrophoresis, fragments of deoxyribonucleic acids are differentiated according to their…

Q: Let’s argue that the human (urine-based) protein binds to pili: what might be an explanation for how…

A: UTI or Urinary tract infections are majorly common bacterial infection all over the world mostly…

Q: Describe the two general types of protein microarrays. What aretheir possible applications?

A: A protein microarray is also known as the protein chip, is the high throughput method that is used…

Q: Outline the steps of post-translational sorting of proteins tomitochondria.

A: Mitochondria are one of the most important organelles of a cell. These cells are essential to the…

Q: What functional assays did Kazutoshi Takahasi and Shinya Yamanaka use to show that induced…

A: Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka modified mouse fibroblast cells that are able to synthesize…

Q: What are the similarities and differences between membrane protein isolation techniques for…

A: A variety of functions essential to the survival of organisms are performed by membrane proteins:…

Q: The following questions refer to membrane protein isolation A) What is the difficulty when working…

A: Proteins are considered biological, organic polymers made of amino acids. Amino acids are connected…

Q: What are the advantages of expressing proteins under study in host organism? And give the 3 major…

A: Protein Expression refers to the manner in which proteins are synthesized, modified and controlled…

Q: Why is supercoiling essential to a bacterial cell? What enzymefacilitates this process?

A: A bacterial genome size lies in the range of around a million base pairs that correspond to…

Q: What internal references can be used in western blot of plasma membrane protein,expect Na-K ATPase??

A: there are several integral membrane proteins embedded within the cell membrane leaflets. any of them…

Q: What are the most common experimental methods used tosurvey the proteome?

A: The study of proteins is called proteomics and the term proteomics is coined in the year of 1977 by…

Q: How do these fragments relate to the three-dimensional structure of whole IgG molecules?

A: Introduction: The immune system is a complex cell/tissue network that protects our body from any…

Q: Define denaturation and give some examples of agents that cause denaturation.

A: Denaturation deals with the modification of the structure of a compound as the proteins are folded…

Q: Review the literature and identilfy the key players in the various mutants of the spike protein.

A: The virus behind the global outbreak of COVID-19 disease is the severe acute respiratory syndrome…

Q: Explain the process of converting the circular molecule into a linear vector ?

A: DNA is a double helical linear structure found in the eukaryotes. While plasmids are the circular…

Q: How do cells respond to tinygradients of molecules in theirenvironment, as required for knowingtheir…

A: A multitude of communication and actions depend on the gradients around the cell. The gradient of…

Q: How do cadherins, IgSF members, and selectins differ at the molecular level in the way they mediate…

A: Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are a sub-set of cell adhesion proteins present on the cell surface.…

Q: What is the advantage of expressing a protein in mammalian cells versus bacteria?

A: The best way to express a mammalian protein is to express it in the mammalian cell because it would…

Q: What makes platinum replica EM more desirable than conventional SEM and TEM (address both,…

A: Structural studies are needed for a better functional understanding of biological principles. It…

Q: Why is folding in the ER slow and inefficient and how are the misfolded ones degraded?

A: Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) is the QC check point of the ER which helps to…

Q: Compare and contrast membrane protein isolation techniques for peripheral and integral proteins,

A: Membrane proteins are defined as those proteins which are a part of, or else has the capability to…

Q: Protein modifications occurring in the Golgi apparatus include:  removal of sialic acid…

A: Introduction: Golgi apparatus is membrane-bound organelles that are sac-like present in the…

Q: Diagram the possible outcomes of site-specificrecombination.

A: Recombination refers to generation of new allelic combinations with the exchange of genetic material…

Q: How might such a “competition assay” be used to determine the biological glycosaminoglycan that…

A: Introduction Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are negatively charged, unbranched heteropolysaccharides…

Q: What are the advantages of expressing proteins under study in host organism?

A: Gene expression refers to the processes involved in protein production, which include replication,…

Q: What did you learn about Covid-19 that you did not already know.  How do you feel about the large…

A: Covid 19 is a SARS family virus and there are many variants which can cause Asymptomatic disease…

Q: After a BLAST search you find a protein that gave you a bit score of 34.Which arguments would you…

A: BLAST is an algorithm and program in bioinformatics for comparing the primary proteins or…

Q: Would gene chips containing bacterial DNA segments be useful for monitoring gene expression in a…

A: Gene chips are glass wafers that have a size similar to a postage stamp. It consists of half a…

Q: Why is Neurospora used as genetic material?

A: Neurospora is the genus of Ascomycete fungi and the term "neurospora" indicates "nerve spore".…

Q: In an in vitro motility assay, a newly discovered motor protein is found to transport an attached…

A: Dynein is an ATP-dependent motor protein that mediates intracellular retrograde transport of…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.