VII. Match the technique described to the application given. DNA amplification b. РCR dideoxy sequencing f. c. gel electrophoresis d. STR profiling automated DNA sequencing g. site directed mutagenesis gene therapy h. 97. Nucleotides missing 3'-OH group makes small pieces that can be analyzed for identification. 98. DNA amplification without bacteria that includes cycling temperature changes to produce multiple copies of small pieces. 99. Identification of DNA by a series of peaks made from fluorescing based on fragment length. VIII. Match each item to the correct statement below. f. negative feedback system g. excretory system h. autonomic system i. positive feedback system j. parasympathetic nervous system a. homeostasis b. somatic system C. nervous system d. sympathetic nervous system endocrine system е. 100. way in which the body works to reverse a change and bring about normalcy 101. the tendency of the body to maintain a constant internal environment IX. Match each item to the correct statement below. endocrine glands b. tropic hormones posterior pituitary gland anterior pituitary gland hormones thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) j. goitre k. hypothyroidism 1. hyperthyroidism m. adrenal glands n. epinephrine o. short-term stress response i. human growth hormone (HGH) g. thyroid gland h. thyroxine (T4) f. 102. chemical messengers sent to parts of the body to produce a specific effect on a target cell or organ 103. chemical messenger that regulates metabolism and affects almost every body tissue 104. chemical messenger controlled by a negative feedback mechanism involving T4 Х. Match each item to the correct statement below. a. glomerular filtration b. proximal tubule c loop of Henle tubular reabsorption g. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) h. renal insufficiency f. d. distal tubule i. tubular secretion water reabsorption j. dialysis е. 105. procedure that removes wastes and excess fluid from the blood when kidney function is lost
Molecular Techniques
Molecular techniques are methods employed in molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and biophysics to manipulate and analyze nucleic acids (deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)), protein, and lipids. Techniques in molecular biology are employed to investigate the molecular basis for biological activity. These techniques are used to analyze cellular properties, structures, and chemical reactions, with a focus on how certain molecules regulate cellular reactions and growth.
DNA Fingerprinting and Gel Electrophoresis
The genetic makeup of living organisms is shown by a technique known as DNA fingerprinting. The difference is the satellite region of DNA is shown by this process. Alex Jeffreys has invented the process of DNA fingerprinting in 1985. Any biological samples such as blood, hair, saliva, semen can be used for DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprinting is also known as DNA profiling or molecular fingerprinting.
Molecular Markers
A known DNA sequence or gene sequence is present on a chromosome, and it is associated with a specific trait or character. It is mainly used as a genetic marker of the molecular marker. The first genetic map was done in a fruit fly, using genes as the first marker. In two categories, molecular markers are classified, classical marker and a DNA marker. A molecular marker is also known as a genetic marker.
DNA Sequencing
The most important feature of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules are nucleotide sequences and the identification of genes and their activities. This the reason why scientists have been working to determine the sequences of pieces of DNA covered under the genomic field. The primary objective of the Human Genome Project was to determine the nucleotide sequence of the entire human nuclear genome. DNA sequencing selectively eliminates the introns leading to only exome sequencing that allows proteins coding.
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