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Mutations simulation
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- 6. Similar to the class notes (Intro to Genetics), a segment of DNA (shown below) contains a promoter segment (the first 9 base pairs), a ribosome binding segment (the next 6 base pairs), and a segment that codes for protein synthesis which is started by the rest of the base pairs. ACTCCATTGAACCATTTCTATGATCCGCTAACG-... TGAGGTAACTTGGTAAAGATACTAGGCGATTGC-... A. When the DNA is induced to be copied to mRNA, the top strand is coding, meaning that the mRNA makes an identical copy of the lower strand (replacing T with U) The mRNA copy starts with the ribosome binding sequence. What is the sequence of the mRNA that will go to the ribosomes? B. What are the first 6 amino acids of the protein that are coded for by the mRNA? C. What would the amino acid sequence be if... i. a transition mutation occurred on the final G in the mRNA? ii. all of the G & C bases in the protein synthesis portion had transition mutations? iii. a point deletion mutation occurred in the ATA sequence (in the lower strand…4. Compare the DNA sequences of individuals with Alzheimer's disease and their family members. Two codons in the APP gene sequence are different in the two patients with Alzheimer's disease compared to individuals without the disease. Consider the first codon that's different and complete the table below. Codon in Codon in Amino Acid DNA template strand MRNA APP gene in individuals without Alzheimer's disease APP gene in individuals with Alzheimer's disease Does the change in this codon represent a silent or a missense mutation? Explain.1. Determine the effect of the following mutations on the DNA sequence. In each case, the mutation is described after the sequence (REFER TO THE SUPPLEMENTAL DOCUMENT FOR GUIDANCE TO THIS QUESTION). Adenine nucleotide (A shown in red below) was inserted into the DNA sequence at the position indicated by the arrow). Write out the sequence of the mutated DNA and the protein made from it. What is the effect of this mutation on the protein? (For example, how will the mutation affect the length and sequence of the protein? What about the function of the protein?) A 3' TACATGG'TTGTGCTAATT 5'
- 1. You are studying a variant in a gene controlling wing development, Wng, in Drosophila. Using analysis software, you can see that the variant changes the protein product’s amino acid sequence, but homozygotes for this variant express a WNG protein that functions normally. Which term best describes the effect of this variant? conditional mutation gain of function mutation loss of function mutation neutral mutation synonymous mutation 2. In base excision repair, Photolyase breaks bonds between pyrimidines & Purines Single-stranded binding proteins are used to stabilize the unwound helix. Mut H recognizes the demythylated state, and removes the base DNA Glycolase removes the damaged nitrogenous base 3. Aneuploidy is a change in the number of individual chromosomes. Which of the following is not an example of aneuploidy? Nullisomy Trisomy Monosomy Polysomy TetrasomyMain... My Drive - Google... 8. Which statement/s about RNA is/are true? (Select all that apply.) * RNA is made through the process of translation RNA is made through the process of transcription and translation RNA is made through the process of transcription Some types of RNA just exist in the nucleus without ever needing to be made 9. Identify the TRUE statement about the process of transcription: * RNA polymerase requires an RNA primer molecule before it can begin transcripti DNA is not needed for the process of transcription. RNA polymerase binds to a promoter region in the DNA to initiate transcription. During the elongation phase, RNA transcripts are built from 3' to 5'. 10. Which is correct? * Translation occurs in the nucleus; transcription occurs in the cytoplasm Transcription occurs in the nucleus; translation occurs in the cytoplasm Both transcription and translation take place in the cytoplasm Both transcription and translation occur in the nucleus 11. Transcribe and translate the mutated DNA sequences, CIRCLE the mutation, and classify each type of mutation as either Deletion, Insertion, or Substitution AND the effects of the mutation as either frameshift, missense, silent or nonsense. ۷۷۷۷ Original Sequence: mRNA sequence: Amino Acid Sequence: MET-TRP – ASN - ARG - CYS - STOP Mutated Sequence #1: mRNA Sequence: Amino Acid Sequence: Type of Mutation: Mutation Effect: Mutated Sequence #2: mRNA Sequence: Amino Acid Sequence: Type of Mutation: Mutation Effect: TACAC CTT G G C G A CG ACT AUGUG GAA C C G C UG CUGA TACAT CTTG G C G A C G ACT TAC GAC CTT G G C G A CG ACT First base of codon C A UUU UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG U AUU AUC >Phe Leu >Leu ACU ACC AUA ACA AUG Met ACG GUU GCU GUC GCC GUA GCA GUG GCG lle Second base of codon C A - Val UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG >Ser >Pro Thr Ala UAU UAC UAA UAG CAU CAC CAA CAG AAU AAC AAA Lys AAG LYS GAU GAC Asp GAA >Glu GAG З туг >His G UGA UGG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGU Asn AGC- AGA AGG. GGU GGC…
- 2. Do you think mutation has any direct relationship with codon? Why/Why not? Please explain in your own words. [Max 200 words]1. Below is an amino acid sequence for the following strand of DNA:A G C A A T C C G T C T T G GT C G T T A G G C A G A A C CThat strand has mutated. It is nowA G C A A C C C G T C T T G GT C G T T G G G C A G A A C CUse your knowledge of mutation and protein synthesis to answer the following questions.What mutation has occurred? A. point mutation B. movement of large section of chromosome C. duplication of entire chromosome D. genetic recombination 2. Will this mutation have a real effect? Why or why not?36. Non-sense mutation results to the formation of a shorter protein than what should be synthesized. true or false
- 6a. Given the following mutated sequence (with respect to the normal sequence), what TYPE of mutation occurred: AAGCTTAC5. A particular DNA coding segment is ACGTTAGCCCCAGCT. Write the sequence of nucleotides in the corresponding mRNA. Determine the amino acid sequence formed from the mRNA during translation. What amino acid sequence results from each of the following mutations? а. replacement of the underlined guanine by adenine b. insertion of thymine immediately after the underlined guanine С. deletion of the underlined guanine5. Von Gierke's disease results from the lack of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activity. This causes an increase concentration of glucose-6-phosphate. One of the effects of this disease is gout. Describe how elevated levels of glucose-6-phosphate would lead gout. I ÍI.- --- 6. Replication is the process by which we replicate DNA. This process requires the two strands of DNA to be separated in order for replication to occur. How does having the DNA underwound help facilitate the separating of the DNA strands?
