the most widely distributed plasma-membrane effector protein in cells is adenylyl cyclase true or false?

Q: Define intracellular mediator

A: Cell is a basic structural and functional unit of a living system. All living organisms are either…

Q: How CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein is treated?

A: Genetics is a study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation in an organism. Living organisms…

Q: Very briefly, explain how a ligand binding to the extracellular receptor region of a GPCR causes a…

A: GPCR stands for G protein-coupled receptor. It is a type of membrane protein found on the surface of…

Q: What are the basic properties of e-cadherins? Namely, what is the basic structure of specifically…

A: Large, intricate molecules known as proteins, have a variety of vital functions in the body. They…

Q: Which of the following could be a reason(s) why a signalling cascade is interrupted, or turned…

A: It is true that cellular signalling follows a cascade of events and has multiple points of…

Q: Cytokine receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors are similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT…

A: Cytokine receptors are small signaling proteins that help in both immune response and cell…

Q: What are kinases and what is their role in two-componentregulatory systems?

A: An alteration in the surrounding environment causes the bacterial cells to respond by changing their…

Q: Binding of PGI2 to its protein binding receptor leads to

A: Prostacyclin (PGI2) is basically generated in the mammalian vasculature with increased levels in the…

Q: What would happen in each of the following cases where something related to intracellular transport…

A: Signal sequences are attached to a newly formed protein . It provides an address to transport them…

Q: What is receptor-mediated transport? Explain.

A: Different molecules are transported from one cell to another. The movement of molecules across the…

Q: Please answer both questions:  1) The sodium-potassium pump: a) equalizes the charge distribution…

A: Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system and are responsible for transmitting information to…

Q: Define thymosin-β4,

A: A cell is the basic structural and functional key of life. A cell has multiple organelles that carry…

Q: Outline an experimental approach to measure Amyloid Beta that microglia produces in vitro. What are…

A: The aggregation of Amyloid beta peptides and its progression is regarded as the primary cause…

Q: In a cat, guanylyl cyclase (which receptor that receives the first messenger and initiates the cell…

A: Guanylyl cyclase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GTP (guanosine monophosphate) to cGMP…

Q: Ouabain is a specific inhibitor of the active transport of sodium ions out of the cell and is…

A: Active transport of substances requires energy.

Q: Describe how receptors alter the activity of G protein complexes. List three ways in which activated…

A: G proteins are basically Guanosine which is a nucleotide, regulated protiens. It acts on turning…

Q: The inner leaflet (monolayer) of the human erythrocyte membrane consists predominantly of…

A: Erythrocytes (red blood cells) are cells involved in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in…

Q: Proteins in the plasma membrane are often the target of medicines.Discuss why you think this is the…

A: The plasma membrane which are present on consist of integral proteins or the peripheral proteins.…

Q: Even though the actual concentration inside a cell is above critical concentration, 50% of action is…

A: Actin participates in many important cellular processes, like muscle contraction, cell motility,…

Q: Define MRN complex,

A: MRN complex is a protein Complex consisting of : Mre11 Rad50 Nbs1

Q: If membrane proteins are integrated into the ER membrane by means of the ER protein translocator…

A: Protein Translocator: It is a process in which the proteins are moved between the cellular…

Q: Interpret the effect of hyperkalemia with reference to Goldman’s equation. a) What happens to rate…

A: Introduction  Hyperkalemia refers to a condition in which there is an elevated level of potassium…

Q: "given the numerous processes inside cells that are regulated by changes in Ca+2 concentration, it…

A: The architecture of different tissues is maintained in part by cell-cell adhesions. Numerous…

Q: Is protein kinase A a second messenger in the adenylate cyclase pathway?

A: Secondary messenger is the low molecular weight, intracellular molecule produced in high…

Q: Define actin cross-linking proteins.

A: Answer: Introduction: Crosslinking means a mechanism of chemically linking two or more molecules…

Q: effects of ketosis in the body

A: Ketosis can be defined as the process that occurs when our body does not have enough carbohydrates…

Q: Is adenylate cyclase a transmembrane protein or a peripheralprotein? What about the G protein?

A: Adenylate Cyclase is a transmembrane protein.

Q: List four intracellular mediators affected by G proteins.

A: G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest and most diverse group of membrane receptors in…

Q: First, you apply a signaling ligand known to activate this Gs protein and track yellow fluorescence.…

A: G protein coupled receptors are the cell surface receptors and transmit signals to their…

Q: What ion is necessary for movement of the troponintropomyosin complex? What is the role of…

A: Each muscle fiber is made up of functional units known as sarcomeres. Sarcomeres are made up of the…

Q: During apoptosis, phosphatidylserine undergoes transverse movement (flip-flop). Explain why this…

A: The programmed cell death is also known as apoptosis. The apoptosis process includes phagocytic…

Q: Define α6β4 integrin

A: Proteins are the complex macromolecules of living beings. Most of the hormones and enzymes are made…

Q: Briefly describe how the cyclin D-cdk4/6 and cyclin E-cdk2 complexes regulate Retinoblastoma protein…

A: Retinoblastoma is the disease occurring in the retina of the eyes. This is basically eye cancer…

Q: Which components of the phosphoinositide signaling system are soluble and which are associated with…

A: The phosphoinositide signaling (PSS) system works by the activation of the phospholipase (PLC)…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.