the human immune system is highly shophisticated means of controlling bacteria infection. describe two ways that bacteria can subvert this system

Microbiology Outline the concept of HERD IMMUNITY and explain how it played a role in the Spanish Flu Pandemic of 1918

In polymicrobial pulmonary infection, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia secretes a compound which activates an ARG in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This is an example of: Exposure protection Gene Mutation Protection mediated by interspecies communication Vulnerability due to cross feeding

“Good” bacteria help prevent C. difficile infection by occupying the sites on the intestinal wall where C. difficile could attach and multiply. C. difficile produces toxins that activate macrophages and mast cells, cause leukocyte chemotaxis and the production of chemical mediators, which leads to fluid secretion. What type of response(s) is (are) characterized by these processes? Would this be inflammation? Or would it be a cell-mediated response, specific immune response? Or humoral response with T cells perhaps? I'm having a lot of trouble identifying the biological immune mechanism.