the human immune system is highly shophisticated means of controlling bacteria infection. describe two ways that bacteria can subvert this system

Q: Would you predict that TLR-XX is able to recognize other types of Gram-negative bacteria, in…

A: TLRs are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that play an important role in the recognition of…

Q: Give an example of a cytolytic exotoxin and a superantigenexotoxin, as well as the bacteria that…

A: Various microbial species are known to contaminate food and beverages and cause infections in the…

Q: List examples of lysogenic conversion

A: Bacteria are single-celled living beings. The cell structure is simpler than that of various living…

Q: The mucosal immune system provides protection for a vast area of the body and contains…

A: This question is about mucosal immune system. Mucosal immune system is the largest component of…

Q: Restriction enzymes (type II) bind to their recognition site and A. begin elongation from it B.…

A: Restriction endonucleases are those enzymes synthesized from bacterial cells that play an important…

Q: Lyme disease is a tick vectored disease which may lead to neuropathy in undiagnosed cases. The…

A: Answers:  1) Diabetic patients are at higher risk for bacterial infection compared to non-diabetic…

Q: Explain why some bacteria are both infectious and contagious. Give 3 examples.

A: Diseases are caused when microorganisms enter the body and affect the normal functioning of the…

Q: A white blood cell has pathogen recognition proteins embedded in its plasma membrane. Initially, the…

A: White blood cells These cells are part of the immune system that are involved in fighting infection…

Q: Match the molecules below with their functions: Membrane attack complex (MAC) Interferons…

A: Membrane attack complex (MAC) - MAC is a type of structure which is formed on the surface of the…

Q: The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a special class of nonspecific cell-derived mediators with…

A: innate system of immunity is the first defense of the body . anti microbial peptides are part of the…

Q: Draw the cell wall of both a Gram-positive and a Gram negative bacteria. Be certain to note which…

A: Bacteria are unicellular and prokaryotic organisms that live in a wide variety of environments. It…

Q: Describe the role of non-specific macrophages in preventing infection

A: The immune system of the body protects the organisms from the harmful pathogen. Pathogens are the…

Q: A pathogenic bacteria has entered the body via a wound: A few hours later, antigen presenting cells…

A: Endogenous antigens are presented by class I MHC while exogenous are presented by class II MHC. Let…

Q: High numbers of “good” bacteria are foundin the intestine and on the skin. The immune system needs…

A: All cells have distinguishing markers on their surfaces. A portion of the markers is made of…

Q: Using the figure shown below, briefly explain the relationship between levels of HIV viral RNA,…

A: HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system, such as helper T cells specifically CD4+ T…

Q: adaptive immune response

A: Immunity : The ability of the host to fight against the disease causing organism i.e., pathogen…

Q: Explain why some bacteria are contagious but not infectious. Give 3 examples.

A: Contagious refers to the property of the bacteria to transmit from one host to another. Infectious…

Q: Which of the following phenomena result in the observed reaction many people have to penicillin?…

A: Penicillin is a type of antibiotic that is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. However,…

Q: Explain how modified secretory pathways in bacteria can lead to increased virulence and…

A: Pathogenic bacteria use a number of methods to attack host cells. It can severely damage host tissue…

Q: he name of the waxy chemical found in Mycobacterium cell walls that promotes immunevasion?

A: Neither absolutely gram-negative nor gram-positive, the envelope of mycobacteria  is planned to…

Q: What measure a microbe would take to escape from immune system? Explain your answer with examples?

A: Micro organisms and Immune System -- Micro organisms or microbes are defined as organisms which can…

Q: The innate immune system has to be able to detect foreign invaders.  Explain two ways that the…

A: Step 1 The innate immune system is a natural genotype-based system of defense elements with which an…

Q: In polymicrobial pulmonary infection, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia secretes a compound which…

A: In the given scenario, we are dealing with a polymicrobial pulmonary infection, which means an…

Q: Explain why coagulase positive bacteria are more pathogenic than coagulase negative bacteria

A: Coagulase is a protein enzyme produced by several microorganisms that enables the conversion of…

Q: TLR-4 recognizes bacterial lipopolysaccharide in association with the host accessory proteins MD-2…

A: TLR is a toll-like receptor. It is a class of pattern recognition molecules that function as a…

Q: Bacteria are eaten by macrophages by receptor-mediated endocytosis. True False

A: Membrane transport mechanism is a mechanism which tells how molecules are transported across the…

Q: _, concentration gradients of microbial substances and inflammatory In the process called mediators…

A: Diapedesis and inflammation are processes that are studied under the domain of immunology.…

Q: From the list below, select all the examples that of defense that ARE NOT considered part of the…

A: Hypersensitive Response: The hypersensitive response (HR) is a plant defense mechanism that involves…

Q: You might expect that lysozyme, the protective mechanism included in mammalian tears would protect…

A: Answer.) :- Lysozyme is an enzyme that is naturally present in various bodily fluids, including…

Q: briefly describes an example of how a unique cell structure of a microbe could be a target for…

A: Antibiotics are antimicrobial medicines derived from other organisms (such as moulds, fungi, and…

Q: Give an example of preventing infection for each element of the infection chain ?

A: Infection It is the process of interaction that occurs between pathogens and susceptible host. There…

Q: Which of the following is a type of Immune Treatment gained from recombinant technology? Factor VIII…

A: Recobinant DNA technology involves the addition of a desired transgene into an organism for various…

Q: Complement can lead to the formation of the MAC which essentially lyses the target cell. Name…

A: The complement system is the system that is activated against any foreign antigen when it enters…

Q: In vertebrates, complement activation generally involves a pathogen recognition step followed by a…

A: Complement System --- Complement system is a part of immune system known as innate immune system…

Q: Please explain in depth, 800 word li

A: The Immune framework's approach to safeguarding the body against infectious disease. Immunity to an…

Q: Tetracycline is a drug of preferred use for Mycoplasma infections. Explain how this may relate to…

A: A class of antibiotics known as tetracyclines is effective against a variety of bacteria, including…

Q: The Germ Theory of disease holds that transmissible diseases are caused by what agents? Oncogenes…

A: The germ theory of disease explains to us about different diseases. It is currently accepted…

Q: Toll-like receptors represent an ancient pathogen-recognition system. The first pattern recognition…

A: The recent advancement of science has led to the discovery of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that…

Q: Although technically not part of the immune system,nonpathogenic normal microbiota play a major role…

A: Introduction  Immunity: it is the capability of our body to fight against the diseases. This is…