briefly describes an example of how a unique cell structure of a microbe could be a target for either: Antibiotics (not penicillin or its derivatives) Immune system Viral infection

A number of retroviruses can infect certain human cells. List two of them, briefly describe the medical implications resulting from these infections, and describe why only certain cells are infected.

Explain how prions cause disease.

Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion to all parts Antibiotics selectively inhibit or kill bacterial cells. Describe three targets of antibiotics in bacterial cells. Explain how the antibiotics produce these effects at each target. Bacteria have evolved mechanisms of resistance to many antibiotics. Describe two different mechanisms of resistance, explaining how the bacterium overcomes the action of the antibiotic. Give an example of an antibiotic whose effect can be overcome by each of the mechanisms you have described.

Gain of Function research, defined as: "medical research that genetically alters an organism in a way that may enhance the biological functions of gene products." The worry is that this type of research will lead to the release of dangerous viruses and is unethical; others believe it is necessary to treat future pandemics  is Gain of Function research unethical? Why?     Please use scholarly literature  thank you

Vaccine development for diseases caused by protists (e.g., malaria, Chagas’ disease) has been much less successful than for bacterial or viral diseases. Discuss one biological reason and one geopolitical reason for this fact

True or false  A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. COVID-19 virus contains RNA, not DNA, as a genetic material. Immunity is a host defense system against disease and specifically recognizes external materials (non-self materials) and eliminate them. RNA vaccines are faster and cheaper to produce than traditional vaccines, and a RNA vaccine is safer for the patient as they do not contain infectious elements. HPV (human papilloma virus) vaccination is very effective in preventing cervical cancer and more than 80 % of Japanese has taken this vaccine. Edward Jenner first proposed protective vaccine against plague in the 18th century. Herd immunity protects infection of vaccinated population but not in the unvaccinated population. Long term health problems after COVID-19 infection is called Long COVID. Cerebellum of the brain co-ordinates muscle movements. Neuron is a special type of cells in the brain and…

Considering that each virus must bind to a specific cell surface receptor for attachment, explain how you would create a drug that prevents viral attachment.

Provide a specific example about, how a microbe would accomplish and elaborate 1..gaining access to host tissue (exposure)2) adhering to host tissue (adhesion)3) evading host defenses (adhesion)4) causing damage to host tissue (infection).

Your working as a PT aide in a outpatient clinic,in the community treatment area, a patient  throws upon the mat during his exercise session. The Physical therapist ask you to clean up while she cares for the patient. (Assume that your facility wants you to treat vomit as a Biohazardous) Describe the steps you'll  take to ensure you and others are protected from possible infection caused by the pathogens present in the vomit ?. Consider the different modes of transmission, the chain of infection and the standard precautions?