Outline the concept of HERD IMMUNITY and explain how it played a role in the Spanish Flu Pandemic of 1918

Q: Encapsulated organisms can be phagocytized once antibodies against the capsule have been produced.…

A: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that have an undefined nucleus and nuclear membrane. Most of the…

Q: Give an immunological explanation as to why people can getinfluenza every year even though they have…

A: Immunity is the balanced state of multicellular organisms having adequate biological defense to…

Q: what is the key role of fundamental of infection control subject in general population?

A: Infection prevention and control is concerned with preventing the spread of infection in a hospital…

Q: Name at least two diseases that have been eradicated due to immunization.

A: Certain diseases can be fatal and highly severe. Since of how quickly they spread, it is important…

Q: explain the reason behind developing different forms of Monoclonal antibodies (chimeric MABs,…

A: Monoclonal antibody :  Monoclonal antibody is an antibody which is made by cloning the white blood…

Q: How does Streptococcus pneumoniae exploit serotypespecific immunity to evade detection?

A: Answer: Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae means is a Gram-positive, extracellular,…

Q: Describe how a vaccine can produce acquired immunity.

A: Immunity is defined as the ability of the immune system of a body to fight infectious agents. They…

Q: SARS-CoV-2 was shown to be transmissible even when the carrier has no symptoms. How did this…

A: SARS virus is a positive strand RNA virus and belongs to coronavirus family.

Q: Tetanus is caused by the bacteria, Clostridium tetani, that enter the body through wounds in the…

A: Clostridium tetani is a Gram-positive soil bacterium. It is rod-shaped and measures up to 2.5 μm…

Q: Describe how both active and passive immunization can be used to combat tetanus.

A: Injecting the antibodies into the systemic circulation is the process involved in artificially…

Q: 04. Which vaccine is not administered to children known to have AIDS a) BCG b) OPV c) Measles d) All…

A: Public health interventions like vaccination prevent infectious diseases. It involves giving a…

Q: a) Role of HLA genes in immunology in detail?

A: The study of the immune system, an important part of medical and biological science, is called…

Q: Describe the mechanism of the classical complement pathway and discuss the critical role that the…

A: Introduction :- One of three pathways that activate the complement system, which is part of the…

Q: Why has the success of fecal transplants in treatingC. difficile infection encouraged the…

A: The gut microbiome is a collection of microbes present inside the gut of a human individual. The…

Q: Discuss the role of botanist in plant diseases management methods like systemic resistance,…

A: Plant diseases can be easily controlled by taking few measures by the farmer. By using…

Q: Integrate leukocyte distribution within the host with host resistance

A: Introduction  Immunity: it is the property/capability of our system to fight against the harmful…

Q: Define vaccine.

A: Immunity  It is the ability of body to fight infections. Types -  1) on the basis of source Natural…

Q: Discuss host responses to infectious disease agents. Be sure to include herd immunity as a community…

A: The immune response of the host is sophisticated and effective at preventing bacterial infection and…

Q: Microb Which mechanism(s) of complement activation starts or initiates the complement response.…

A: Complement is a part of immune system. Activation of complement helps in the elimination of…

Q: xplain two sources for the production of vaccines

A: A drug used to boost the immune system's response to disease. Vaccines are typically given via…

Q: The adaptive immune system has a memory. How does this memory improve the host’s response in…

A: The adaptive immune system is also known as acquired immunity and it uses specific antigens to…

Q: Resistance to antimicrobial agents is more commonly seen in hospital-acquired infections with…

A: Bacteria acquire drug resistance and spread within their population. Drug resistance in bacteria…

Q: List and explain four distinct mechanisms of innate immune responses for eliminating Gram (-)…

A: Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens, including bacteria. It is a…

Q: c- Location of genetie information (DNA) Q2/ Match the phrase(s) in List 'A' with the favourable…

A: In the given question we have name of some bacteria , organs in list A and we have to match them…

Q: Give explanation  select all the statements that pertain to the principal of herd immunity   1)…

A: It is asking about the principle of herd immunity, a key concept in epidemiology that alludes to the…

Q: Why do certain drugs become immunogenic to the host?

A: Introduction :- Immunogenicity, which is defined as a cell or tissue's capacity to elicit an immune…

Q: Explain whether the microbiota transplantation is so effective.

A: The microbial species that live in the human gut have positive effects on health. These microbial…

Q: Describe two examples of how the normal microbiota contribute to the first line of defense.

A: It can be caused by a pathogen or any other foreign agent. This function is carried out by the…

Q: Describe one way the immune system could respond when it is exposed to the genetically altered…

A: Answer:  IMMUNE SYSTEM = It is the system of any human being which describes the immunity.  IMMUNITY…

Q: Consider that the Herd Immunity Threshold is dependent on the reproduction number for an infectious…

A: Few important terms are as follows: Contagious disease : Disease that spread from one person to…

Q: All of the following are true concerning the Alere HIV test except: a)this test can detect…

A: Introduction  HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus which cause AIDS (Acquired…

Q: Describe the main procedures involved in vaccine production.

A: Asked : Main procedures involved in vaccine production.

Q: How does Penicillin produce allergy?

A: Penicillin anti biotics are produced by certain blue moulds called the Penicillium moulds. They…

Q: Make an awareness about COVID-19 and list the things that people must do in this time of pandemic

A: COVID-19 is a viral disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, which belongs to the family of viruses…

Q: Give one example of antibioc resistance? use your own words to explain

A: Antibiotics are pharmaceutical compounds that are effective in killing pathogenic bacteria.…

Q: a. List the bacteria from this chapter for which general, routine vaccines are given. b. For which…

A: Immunity is the body's biological system to recognize the antigen and fight gainst them and protect…

Q: Compare and contrast herd immunity from vaccination between pneumococcal pneumonia and COVID-19.

A: Answer :: Pneumococcal pneumonia :- Pneumosil indigenous pneumococcal vaccine Recently, the first…

Q: Explain in detail the pathogenesis of DM Type 1 & 2 and DKA

A: Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder that increases the levels of glucose in the blood. The…

Health Epidemiology

Health is an essential factor for all human beings. For all humans, health is a critical factor. An individual's ability to meet life's challenges and retain his or her capacity for optimal functioning is reflected in his or her condition of health. This needs the physical, mental, and biological parts of one's constitution to maintain a degree of functioning that has a favorable influence and support for one another.