The following are DNA fragments containing a small gene. The top strand is the coding strand. Transcribe all groups and translate. FIND THE POSSIBLE MUTATIONS Group B - MUTATION 5’-GGCAATGGGTTTGTGAAATTCTAAAAGTTTTTAATTC-3’ 3’-CCGTTACCCAAACACTTTAAGATTTTCAAAAATTAAG-5’ Group C- 5’-GGCAATGGGTTTGTGCAATTCTAAGAGTTTTTAATTC-3’ 3’-CCGTTACCCAAACACGTTAAGATTCTCAAAAATTAAG-5’
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
The following are DNA fragments containing a small gene. The top strand is the coding strand. Transcribe all groups and translate.
FIND THE POSSIBLE MUTATIONS
Group B - MUTATION
5’-GGCAATGGGTTTGTGAAATTCTAAAAGTTTTTAATTC-3’
3’-CCGTTACCCAAACACTTTAAGATTTTCAAAAATTAAG-5’
Group C-
5’-GGCAATGGGTTTGTGCAATTCTAAGAGTTTTTAATTC-3’
3’-CCGTTACCCAAACACGTTAAGATTCTCAAAAATTAAG-5’
The genetic information of all living organisms (except some viruses) is stored in the cell in the form of DNA. This stored information is converted into the protein, via two main steps, 1. Transcription and 2. Translation.
In the transcription, the information present in the DNA is copied in the form of mRNA. Transcription takes place in the nucleus of the cell (In eukaryotes). In translation, the copied information in the form of mRNA is used to make proteins.
The triplet codon (genetic code) is the group of three consecutive nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid. Such amino acids come together to form the polypeptide chain that folds into the unique confirmation and act as protein.
There are 61 different types of codons that code for 20 amino acids and three stop codons that terminate the peptide chain formation. The one amino acid can be coded by more than one codon, this phenomenon is called redundancy of genetic codon.
The mutation is the change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. The mutation can take place due to some replication error or due to environmental factors such as UV exposure or chemical exposure. The main three types of mutations that can be seen in the DNA sequence are 1. Base substitution mutation (Point mutation, silence mutation, missense mutation, and nonsense mutation) 2. Deletion, 3. Insertion.
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