What is the clinical significance of the presence of glucose in the urine?

Q: Explain the physiological basis of the test that could be used to differentiate between central and…

A: Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disorder of salt and water metabolism, which is marked by intense…

Q: Why are both diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus produce large urine volumes?

A: DIABETES INSIPIDUS is a rare condition . It is characterized by excessive urine formation and…

Q: What is meant by hypo and hypercalciuria ?

A: Calcium is a mineral found in the human body. It is involved in the formation of bones and teeth,…

Q: What effect does an overproduction of the hormone aldosterone have on the concentration of sodium…

A: Aldosterone is made by the adrenal gland which regulates the  blood pressure by increasing the salt…

Q: What is the physiological concept of renal tubular acidosis??

A: The kidneys are the primary organs of excretion, particularly of nitrogenous wastes. The kidneys…

Q: how does Diabetes mellitus causes renal failure?

A: A type of kidney disease caused by diabetes is known as diabetic kidney disease [DKD], chronic…

Q: What factors stimulate the release of renin? What willdecrease the rate of renin secretion?

A: Renin is an enzyme and also known as angiotensinogenase. It plays crucial role in renin-angiotensin…

Q: What can a lack of sodium cause?

A: Sodium is an important element required by the body to maintain the electrolyte balance and water in…

Q: Why glucose is given to dehydrated patient?

A: Dehydration is the process in which the loss of water takes place from the body. The process of…

Q: What is the clinical significance of estimation of urine calcium level

A: There are many diseases clinically confirmed by the amount of calcium in the urine.

Q: When monitoring laboratory test results for patients receiving loop and thiazide diuretics, the…

A: Diuretics are used to treat excessive fluid accumulation by increasing the urinary output. Diuretics…

Q: What is urinary tract infection (uti)? Why diabetic people are more prone to develop UTI

A: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder where the blood sugar level  gets changed drastically when the…

Q: How does insulin administration affect serumpotassium?

A: The hormone is known to be a chemical messenger in the biological system. They are secreted from…

Q: What are the benefits of excreting nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid? in the form of urea?

A: Uric acid can be defined as a waste byproduct. It is formed when our body breaks down the purines,…

Q: 20. A 52-year-old man has an adenoma of the adrenal cortex and an increased serum aldostorone…

A: At the upper portion of the two kidneys, there are the two adrenal glands. The adrenal medulla and…

Q: What is the net result of the renal response to alkalosis?

A: Response to alkalosis: Low H+ concentration. There is inadequate secretion of H+ to reabsorb all the…

Q: ) Explain what would happen in the absence of the vasa recta accompanying the loop of Henle in the…

A: The loop of Henle is a U-shaped part of the renal tubule that has two parts, the ascending and…

Q: Mr. White has chronic hypertension which has developed into end-stage renal disease. His symptoms…

A: Chronic hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long-term condition where the blood…

Q: How would the characteristics of the urine differin untreated diabetes mellitus and…

A: Food contains complex molecules that have to be broken down into simpler forms. The process of…

Q: What is the source of each of the following in the urine, urea, Utica acid, and creatine?

A: 1. Urea is non-toxic and water-soluble. It is the major excretory product of protein catabolism. It…

Q: What body processes are affected by altered elimination? How does altered urinary function affect…

A: Urinary system: The urinary system is a complex system that is responsible for removing waste…

Q: Describe the process of controlling Plasma Concentrations of MineralIons?

A: Electrolytes or mineral ions in plasma concentrations include sodium, potassium, chloride,…

Q: What is removal of uric acid called?

A: Protein metabolism in the body often results in the accumulation of nitrogenous wastes. These…

Q: How would other characteristics of the urine differ between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus

A: The actual attributes that can be applied to urine are color, turbidity , smell , pH and thickness.…

Q: Name the hormone which controls the concentration of sodium in the body.

A: Hormones are the chemical substances produced in the body that controls and regulates the activity…

Q: What methods are used to quantitate urine ketones? Which ketone(s) do they detect?

A: Introduction: Ketone bodies are metabolic products that are produced in excess during the excessive…

Q: Angiotensin II ... a) Stimulates aldosterone secretion b) Stimulates ADH secretion c) Leads to…

A: The protein hormone which causes the narrowing of the blood vessels is known as angiotensin. It…

Q: What illnesses are linked to the presence of bile acids and ketone bodies in the urine?

A: Bile acids are steroid acids found mostly in mammals and other animals' bile. They're produced in…

Q: What is the primary purpose of diuretics?

A: Diuretics are medications designed to increase the amount of water and salt expelled from the body…

Q: How is the diuresis produced by furosemide like the diuresis produced by diabetes mellitus? How are…

A: Kidneys are vital organs responsible for blood filtration which forms the part of the human renal…

Q: of the following states would cause release of aldosterone? A) Infusion of hypertonic saline…

A: It is a hormone released by adrenal glands that is located above the kidney. It plays a crucial role…

Q: What is the clinical importance of bilirubinuria or urobilinogenuria?

A: They are found in liver.

Q: Where is ADH produced, and how specifically does it affectwater concentration in the urine?

A: ADH is also called arginine vasopressin. It’s a hormone made by the hypothalamus in the brain and…

Q: What is the relationship between plasma glucose concentration and reabsorption rate of glucose?

A: The filtered glucose amount increases with the increase in plasma glucose concentration. In healthy…

Q: What would you expect the value of renal clearance of glucose to be in a healthy individual?  Why?

A: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that primarily function in glomerular filtration. The nephrons…

Q: What disorders are linked to the presence of bile acids and ketone bodies in urine?

A: Bile acids are steroid acids known mainly in the bile of mammals and other animals. They are…