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Financial Ratios
A Ratio refers to a figure calculated as a reference to the relationship of two or more numbers and can be expressed as a fraction, proportion, percentage, or the number of times. When the number is determined by taking two accounting numbers derived from the financial statements, it is termed as the accounting ratio.
Return on Equity
The Return on Equity (RoE) is a measure of the profitability of a business concerning the funds by its stockholders/shareholders. ROE is a metric used generally to determine how well the company utilizes its funds provided by the equity shareholders.
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- The following data relates to a Joven Berhad: £000 £000 £000 Year ended 31 May 2016 2017 2018 Sales (all on credit) 130 155 180 Cost of sales 70 80 90 Expenses 45 55 60 Provision for tax 5 10 12 £1 ordinary shares in issue 100,000 100,000 100,000 Share price £1.40 £1.50 £1.60 TASKS a) For EACH of the three years calculate the following ratios: i The gross profit percentage ii The net profit after tax percentage iii The expenses to sales percentage iv The Earning Per Share v The Price Earning ratio b) Discuss briefly the trends revealed by the above ratios.2018 2017 Sales $3,125.0 $2,500.0 Operating costs excluding depreciation 2,500.0 2,125.0 Depreciation and amortization 75.0 60.0 Earnings before interest and taxes $550.0 $315.0 Less Interest 67.0 54.0 Pre-tax income $483.0 $261.0 Taxes (40%) 193.2 104.4 Net income available to common stockholders $289.8 $156.6 Common dividends $261.0 $125.0 Rhodes Corporation: Balance Sheets as of December 31 (Millions of Dollars) 2018 2017 Assets Cash $40.0 $35.0 Short-term investments 16.0 13.0 Accounts receivable 360.0 300.0 Inventories 690.0 575.0 Total current assets $1,106.0 $923.0 Net plant and equipment 750.0 600.0 Total assets $1,856.0 $1,523.0 Liabilities and Equity Accounts payable $270.0 $225.0 Accruals 260.0 200.0 Notes payable 63.0 50.0 Total current liabilities $593.0 $475.0Income Statement (2016) 1.000 (800) Balance Sheet (2016) 160 Accounts Payable 440 Short-Term Debt 600 Long-Term Debt 1.800 Common Stock Credit Sales 300 100 800 800 Retained Eamings 1.000 3.000 Cash Accounts Receivable Cost of Goods Sold Taxable Income Taxes (34%) Net Income Inventory Fixed Assets Total 3.000 Total Dividend (33.33%) Retained Earnings Main assumptions Sales are expected to increase by 25% in 2017. "Cost of goods sold is a fraction of sales in the income statement. All other items are independent of sales Each current asset and accounts payable are fractions of sales in the balance sheet. All other items are independent of sales. If there is a need for external funding: o raise funds through short term debt first, but current ratio must not be smaller than 3. o raise the remaining funds through 50% long-term debt and 50% equity offering (common stock). Xouasafinancial.managerare.assianed.to.anplx.nercentage.ot.sales.method.andta. prepare the pro.fomma.income.statementand…
- The average price of a gallon of gas in 2015 dropped $0.94 (28 percent) from $3.34 in 2014 (to $2.40 in 2015). Required: 1. Conduct a horizontal analysis by calculating the year-over-year changes in each line item, expressed in dollars and in percentages for the income statement of Insignia Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2015 (amounts in billions). 2-a. Conduct a vertical analysis by expressing each line as a percentage of total revenues. 2-b. Excluding income tax and other operating costs, did Insignia earn more profit per dollar of revenue in 2015 compared to 2014?The average price of a gallon of gas in 2015 dropped $0.94 (28 percent) from $3.34 in 2014 (to $2.40 in 2015). Required: 1. Conduct a horizontal analysis by calculating the year-over-year changes in each line item, expressed in dollars and in percentages for the income statement of Insignia Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2015 (amounts in billions). 2-a. Conduct a vertical analysis by expressing each line as a percentage of total revenues. 2-b. Excluding income tax and other operating costs, did Insignia earn more profit per dollar of revenue in 2015 compared to 2014?Comprehensive Problem TLC Company wus eatablishied on January 1, 2015 and is enguged in the manufacture of farm toolu. The company makes une of 365 days in its computation for some of the ratios. You will find below their eumparative SFP & SCI for two years TLC Company Comparative Financial Statement For Year 2015 and 2016 2016 2015 Anseta Cash Accounts Receivahle Trailing Securitien Inventaries 400,000 100,000 20,000 290,000 120,000 40,000 60,000 10,000 80,000 Prepaid Expenes 20,00) Total Current Assets 620,000 520,000 Tatal Non-Current Assets 300,000 200,000 720,000 Total Asseta 920,000 Liabilities 18 Total Current Liabilities Tutal Non-Current Liahities Owner's Equity 50,000 450,000 100,000 350,000 Total Owner's Equity Total Liahilities and Owner's Equity 420,000 300,000 920,000 720,000
- Common-Size Income StatementsConsider the following income statement data from the Ross Company: 2013 2012 Sales revenue $525,000 $450,000 Cost of goods sold 336,000 279,000 Selling expenses 107,000 101,000 Administrative expenses 62,000 56,000 Income tax expense 9,800 7,400 Prepare common-size income statements for each year. Note: Round answers to one decimal place (ex: 0.2345 = 23.5%). ROSS COMPANYCommon-Size Income Statements(Percent of Sales Revenue) 2013 2012 Sales Revenue Answer Answer Cost of Goods Sold Answer Answer AnswerGross Profit on SalesOperating ExpensesIncome Tax ExpenseNet Income Answer Answer AnswerGross Profit on SalesOperating ExpensesIncome Tax ExpenseNet Income Selling Expenses Answer Answer Administrative Expenses Answer Answer Total Answer Answer Income before Income Taxes Answer Answer AnswerGross Profit on SalesOperating ExpensesIncome Tax ExpenseNet Income…Income Statement (2016) Credit Sales Cost of Goods Sold (800) Taxable Income Taxes (34%) Net Income Balance Sheet (2016) Cash Accounts Receivable 1,000 160 Accounts Payable 440 Short-Term Debt 600 Long-Term Debt 1.800 Common Stock 300 100 800 800 Retained Eamings 1.000 3.000 Inventory Fixed Assets Total 3.000 Total Dividend (33.33%) Retained Earnings Main assumplions Sales are expected to increase by 25% in 2017. "Cost of goods sold is a fraction of sales in the income statement. All other items are independent of sales. Each current asset and accounts payable are fractions of sales in the balance sheet All other items are independent of sales. If there is a need for external funding: o raise funds through short term debt first, but current ratio must not be smaller than 3. o raise the remaining funds through 50% long-term debt and 50% equity offering (common stock). What is the new cash conversion cycle in year 2017? (Let 1 xr = 360 davs) 1 months 3 months 5 months 7 monthsFinancial Statements for Royal Corporation Actual 2016 and Pro Forma 2017 ($ millions) Income Statement Net sales Cost of goods sold Other expenses Depreciation expense EBIT Interest expense Earnings before tax Tax Net income Dividends paid 90 Add. to retained earnings $ 269 O $4,563 O $4,663 $4.453 2016 2017 $ 47,616 $52,378 Cash & securities 40,718 44,790 Accounts receivable 5,171 5,688 Inventories 1,000 1,100 727 800 215 215 512 585 154 176 $ 359 $ 409 $5,663 Balance Sheet 102 Net fixed assets Total assets Bank loan (short-term) Accounts payable Long-term debt Total liabilities 2016 $951 2017 $1,046 5,666 6,233 4,236 4,660 4,048 14,901 $392 In the above financial statements, Royal Corporation has prepared (incomplete) pro forma financial statements for 2017 based on actual financial statements for 2016. Royal Corp. used the percent- of-sales method, assuming a sales growth rate of 10% for 2017. If capital expenditures are planned to be $1,615 in 2017, then what would be the…
- drake CORPORATION drake CORPORATION Statement of Financial Position Statement of Comprehensive Income 2015 2016 2015 2016 Net Sales 12,060,000 16,700,000 Cash and Cash Equivalents $ 990,000.00 $ 950,000.00 Other Operating Revenues 16,000 19,000 Short Term Marketable Securities $ 10,000.00 $ 15,000.00 Total Revenues 12,076,000 16,719,000 Accounts Receivable $ 1,020,000.00 $ 1,550,000.00 Cost of Goods Sold (4,950,000) (7,050,000) Inventory $ 1,005,000.00 $ 1,360,000.00 Other Operating Expenses (11,000) (13,000) Other Current Assets $ 870,000.00 $ 1,150,000.00 Total Direct Expenses (4,961,000) (7,063,000) Total Current Assets $ 3,895,000.00 $ 5,025,000.00 Selling, General & Administrative (3,300,000) (3,880,000) Operating Income 3,815,000 5,776,000 Fixed Assets $ 14,006,000.00 $ 17,605,000.00…Given the historical income statement of Mega Trade Inc., how much would be added to the company's retained earning for the year 2016 (in millions)? Income Statement ($ Million) Income Statement ( $ Million) Year End 2015 2016 2017 2019 Sales 1, 234,90 1,251.40 1,300.40 1,334.40 Cost of Sales -679.1 -659 -681.3 -667 Gross Operating Income Selling & Administration -339.7 -348.6 -351.2 -373.3 Depreciation -47.5 -52 -55.9 -75.2 Other Income / Expenses 11.8 7.6 7 8.2 Earnings Before Interest and Taxes Interest Income 1.3 1.4 1.7 2 Interest Expense -16.2 -15.1 -20.5 -23.7 Pre Tax Income Income Taxes -56.8 -64.2 -67.5 -72.6 Net Income Dividends -38.3 -38.7 -39.8 -40.1INCOME STATEMENTS |BALANCE SHEETS 2015 JAssets $ 5,000 2014 2014 2015 $ 4,760 3,560 Net sales Cash 60 50 COGS (excl. depr.) Depreciation Other operating expenses 3,800 ST Investments 40 170 200 Accounts receivable 380 500 500 500 480 Inventories 820 1,000 $ 1,550 2,000 $ 3,550 ЕBIT 550 Total CA $ 1,300 Interest expense Pre-tax earnings 100 120 Net PP&E 1,700 450 380 Total assets $ 3,000 152 228 Liabilities and equity 8 Accounts payable 220 | Accruals Notes payable Total CL Taxes (40%) NI before pref. div. 180 270 Preferred div. 8 $ 190 200 Net income 262 280 300 130 280 Other Data 600 780 Common dividends $50 1,000 $ 1,600 $48 Long-term bonds Total liabilities 1,200 Addition to RE $214 $170 $ 1,980 Tax rate 40% 40% Preferred stock 100 100 Shares of common stock 50 50 Common stock 500 500 $5.24 $4.40 Earnings per share Dividends per share Price per share Retained earnings Total common equity Total liabs. & equity 800 $ 1,300 $ 3,000 970 $ 1,470 $ 3,550 $0.96 $1.00 $40.00 $27.00 Compute…