Stem cells have the potential to become any cell in the body. What changes when they begin to undergo cellular differentiation? -selected genes undergo demethylation -all genes in the cell undergo demethylation selected genes undergo acetylation -all genes in the cell undergo acetylation
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Stem cells have the potential to become any cell in the body. What changes when they begin to undergo cellular differentiation?
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- Put the following types of stem cells in order from MOST useful in regenerative medicine to LEAST useful. Group of answer choices adult--multipotent--pluripotent--totipotent totipotent--pluripotent--multipotent--adult adult--pluripotent--multipotent--totipotent adult--totipotent--multipotent--pluripotent pluripotent--multipotent--totipotent--adultOne important biological effect of a large dose of ionizing radiation (like X-rays) is to halt cell division. How does this occur? To answer this question, state the name and role of 2 specific and important proteins involved in the process. What happens if a cell has a mutation that prevents it from halting cell division after be irradiated? Be specific and detailed. An adult human who has reached maturity will die within a few days of receiving a radiation dose large enough to stop cell division. What does that tell you about cell division? In addition, name 2 different/unique cell types that would be primarily affected.What is cancer? What defects are commonly found in cancer cells? Do all cancer cells have mutations in the same genes? Explain.
- Describe the role of cell division in at least one of the following areas of biology: Stem cell research Cell cloning for organ replacement therapies Cancer (see the DNA LC’s video on tumor growth for a hint: https://dnalc.cshl.edu/resources/3d/31-tumor-growth.html)examine the process of gene expression. Include the following: Explain the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Discuss mechanisms by which gene expression may be altered. How do these alterations induce cancer-causing mutations in cell DNA? Explain how cancer is formed. Describe genetic changes found in cancer cells and how these changes lead to alterations in cell behavior. Determine whether proteome data can be utilized in genetic disorder diagnosis. Relate the Human Genome Project data to the analysis of cancer genes. Relates the Human Genome Project's utility in pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine to diagnose and treat cancerIn other words, the master regulator initiates a program of gene expression that narrow the potential fates of the precursor's cells’ descendants to the type of cells that participate in the organ’s function. Question: Once a master regulator gene is turned on in some cells and not in others, how do cells “remember” that pattern through all the cell division that occur to form a specific organ?
- How does a normal cell become a cancerous cell? What has to happen to it? Do mutations that cause cancer in an individual pass down to his/her offspring? What is the role of proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes in cancer formation and development? Explain the connection between telomerase activity and cancer.A stem cell divides into two daughter cells goes on to become a terminally differentiated cell. What is the typical fate of other daughter cellWhich of the following are the level of biological structure at which stem cells play a part? macromolecular level cellular/ organelle levels tissue/ organ level organismal level all of the above none of the above ** select more than one if necessary, then for part 2, choose which of the following are NOT a level of biological structure?
- Stem cells have the potential to transform into any of the various cell types in the body, and thus researchers have explored how stem cells may be used to treat different conditions. Which conditions benefit most from this treatment? At least 351 companies in the United States are now offering unapproved stem cell procedures at 570 clinics. If you had a serious illness such as Parkinson's disease and found an unregulated clinic that offered to cure your illness using stem cell therapy, would you accept the offer? What do you think is the reason that FDA and state medical boards are indifferent to those treatment; are unaware of the scope of the problem or simply are ignoring itFollowing are the characteristics of organoids, except: Organoids are in vitro 3D clusters of cells deriving exclusively from primary tissue or stem cells Organoids are capable of self-renewal and self-organization. 2D monolayer cultures are much closer to the in vivo situation than the organoids Spatially restricted cell-fate decisions contribute to self-organization in organoids.1. True or Flase: Cells must only divide when they receive a signal to divide. 2. BRCA1 is a gene that codes for a tumor suppressor protein. If a person inherits a mutation in BRCA1, it greatly increases his or her risk of developing breast cancer. Are the cancer-causing mutations in the BRCA1 gene more likely to: a) increase expression of the gene b)decrease expression of the gene c)not affect the expression of the gene